Hidden Soviet Cinema: Banned Films that Saw the Light of Day

The Soviet Union had a robust film industry, but it was also heavily impacted by state censorship. While most films were subject to stringent reviewing and potential bans, some were fortunate enough to bypass the censors' scrutiny and become beloved classics. This article delves into the intriguing world of Soviet films that were initially banned but later unbanned, with a particular focus on the role of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. Through instances and analysis, we explore the complex relationship between Soviet cinema, censorship, and the decisions of those in power.

The Impact of Soviet Censorship on Cinema

The Soviet Union had a strict system of state censorship that controlled the content of films. Films had to undergo rigorous pre-screening by the Central Office for Cinematography, which was part of the Ministry of Culture. If a film was deemed controversial or against the prevailing ideology, it could be banned. However, this did not mean that all banned films remained unpublished indefinitely. Some films were "unbanned" later, and others were saved by high-ranking officials who overrode the decisions of subordinates.

Leonid Brezhnev and the Unbanning of Soviet Classics

One of the most notable figures in the Soviet Union's film industry was Leonid Brezhnev, the leader who played a pivotal role in the unbanning of numerous films. As the man with the final say, Brezhnev frequently overruled the decisions of his subordinates and approved films that had been initially rejected. This practice often saved significant works of Soviet cinema, allowing them to be released and enjoyed by the public.

Let's take a closer look at a few examples of films that were initially banned but ultimately unbanned by Brezhnev:

"Pirates of the 20th Century" (1980)

One of the most famous examples of a Soviet film that was initially banned but later saved is the 1980 blockbuster "Pirates of the 20th Century." This action-packed film, directed by Lev Kulidzhanskiy, centered around a group of action heroes who fought against the corrupt political elite. The movie contained karate scenes, which were controversial in the late 1970s as martial arts were perceived as a threat to Soviet values. Despite the initial attempt to ban the film, Brezhnev endorsed the movie, deeming it "a great movie!" Consequently, the ban was lifted, and the film went on to become the most successful Soviet movie of all time, grossing over 500 million rubles.

"The Bendy Frog" (1978)

Another example of a film that was saved by Brezhnev's intervention is "The Bendy Frog," a Soviet parodic horror film directed by Konstantin Khudoley. The film was initially banned due to its dark and surreal content, which was seen as deviating from the norms of Soviet cinema. However, Brezhnev's support was crucial in the film's eventual release. Upon viewing the film, he declared, "That's art!" This intervention ensured that "The Bendy Frog" entered the minds of Soviet filmgoers and became a cult classic, known for its dark humor and unconventional storyline.

"The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" (1976)

"The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" is another film that saw its way to the big screen with Brezhnev's approval. Initially, the film faced significant obstacles, as it depicted musicians and their misadventures in a way that was seen as politically risky. The film was released with numerous cuts and edits, but with Brezhnev's endorsement, it was able to be fully released, becoming a popular and cult favorite. The film's memorable plot, starring Leonidendants, was not only entertaining but also a reflection of the cultural milieu of the time.

The Complexity of Censorship and Decision-Making

These examples highlight the complex interplay between Soviet cinema and censorship. What initially seemed like a troublesome film could be salvaged through the power of the state and the personal opinions of those in authority. Brezhnev's role in freeing the Soviet film industry from certain artistic binds demonstrates the significant influence of individual leaders on cultural and artistic expression in the Soviet Union.

However, it's essential to recognize that not all banned films saw the light of day due to Brezhnev's intervention. Some films remained shelved, collecting dust until they were discovered by enthusiasts. Nonetheless, the banned films that were ultimately published opened up new avenues of artistic expression and allowed Soviet cinema to evolve in ways that were both critical and innovative.

Conclusion

The relationship between Soviet cinema, state censorship, and individual decision-makers is a fascinating aspect of Russian cultural history. The unbanning of certain films under Leonid Brezhnev's leadership provides a glimpse into the broader themes of artistic freedom and political control. While the Soviet Union was known for its rigid control over information and creative expression, instances like these demonstrate that there were always exceptions and opportunities for artistic exploration and innovation.

Whether through official overruling or grassroots support, the process of unbanning films was crucial in shaping the cultural landscape of the Soviet Union. Today, these films serve as a reminder of a time when the line between art and politics was often blurred, and the individuals who played a role in this process stand as harbingers of both creativity and political constraint.