Why Some Former Confederates Joined the Union Army After the Civil War

At the conclusion of the American Civil War, many former Confederate soldiers found themselves at a crossroads with no Southern army to rejoin. Instead, a portion of these soldiers chose to join the Union Army, navigating a complex web of loyalty, desperation, and practical necessity.

Context and Initial Impact

Following the defeat of the Confederacy, there was no Southern army left to command. In the aftermath, the Union Army became the sole available military force both in the South and the North. Many former Confederates did return home but faced the challenge of decommissioning from their previous military units. Some of these soldiers reenlisted in the Union Army, with one notable example being Confederate Cavalry General Joseph Wheeler, who went on to command troops in the Spanish-American War.

Reasons for Reenlisting

The decision to reenlist was multifaceted and influenced by several key factors:

1. Improved Conditions and Decreased Risk

Former Confederate soldiers who were imprisoned in Northern prisoner of war (POW) camps often faced grim conditions, including poor living conditions and a high risk of death. These conditions led some soldiers to opt for joining the Union Army, seeing it as a better alternative to staying in the harsh POW camps. The Union, with better living conditions and a more organized structure, offered a more favorable environment for these soldiers.

2. Financial Incentives and Survival

For poor Southerners who were struggling to make ends meet, joining the Union Army could provide a financial lifeline. The Union was offering a substantial bounty of $100 to any Confederate soldier who enlisted. With families in dire straits due to the actions of disbanded Confederate soldiers, many enlisted to ensure the safety and comfort of their loved ones.

3. Adapting to New Realities

Others who joined the Union Army were likely to adapt to the new realities of post-war America. Many of them had been career soldiers and maintained strong bonds with their former comrades. Rejoining the Union Army allowed them to continue their military careers and stay connected to those they had served with.

Case Study: Captain Saunders

A prime example of this scenario is the case of "Captain" Saunders. He was a former Confederate sergeant who deserted his post and later joined the Union forces. After serving the Union by raiding into Northwest Florida and Southeast Alabama, Saunders' resolution to support the Union was rooted in a combination of necessity and opportunity. His actions highlight the complex loyalties and decisions faced by former Confederates during this transitional period.

Conclusion

While the overwhelming majority of soldiers on both sides decided to leave the army and stay out for the rest of their lives, a significant number of former Confederates reenlisted in the Union Army. This decision was influenced by a variety of factors, including better living conditions, financial incentives, and the need to adapt to new realities. These soldier's choices reflect the complexity and fluidity of their loyalties during the post-war period.