Why Isn't the Irish War of Independence Called a Revolution?

The Irish War of Independence, also known as Sádán na héireann in Irish, is a significant but often misunderstood phase in Irish history. Often, the war is not referred to as a revolution despite its importance. This article explores the reasons behind this nomenclature and provides insights into the fierce struggle for Irish independence.

The Context of the Irish War of Independence

The Irish War of Independence, fought from 1919 to 1921, was a period of intense combat between Irish republican forces and British security forces. This conflict was a result of Ireland's desire to gain independence from the United Kingdom after centuries of British rule.

Credit to Historians

Several historians have labeled the period as an 'Irish Revolution.' For instance:

The Irish Revolution: This term accurately reflects the significant changes brought about by the struggle for independence.

The Irish Revolution TV Series: Broadcasting in 2019, this series further cemented the term in popular discourse.

Atlas of the Irish Revolution: This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of the revolutionary period.

Women of the Irish Revolution 1913-1923: Written by Liz Gillis, this book highlights the crucial roles played by women during the revolution.

Class Struggle in the 1916-23 Irish Revolution: A Reappraisal: Offering a fresh perspective, this book reevaluates the social aspects of the revolution.

HI4354 Representing the Irish Revolution: A course that delves into the representation of the Irish revolution in various media.

Programme of Lectures on the Irish Revolution: Provided by The People’s College in Spring 2014, these lectures explore the complexities of the revolutionary period.

The Difference Between Revolution and War of Independence

Although historians have labeled the period as a revolution, the Irish War of Independence is not accurately classified as such due to the nature of the conflict. A revolution, as mentioned, involves the replacement of an existing system of government with a new one. In the case of the Irish War of Independence, the rebels sought to remove British rule but established a government that maintained a similar structure to the Westminster parliamentary democracy.

Lack of Social Change

The Irish War of Independence primarily aimed to establish an independent Irish state rather than initiating a broader social revolution. Unlike the French Revolution, where the social order was fundamentally altered, the Irish struggle was more about national sovereignty.

Comparison with Other National Movements

The Irish War of Independence shares similarities with other national independence movements, such as those in Africa and South America, or the Italian Risorgimento. These movements also sought independence but did not necessarily lead to a transformation of the social order.

The Timing and Motives of the British and Irish

Interestingly, the British government was more concerned with ending the conflict than the specific name given to it. As the British were war-weary after the First World War, they were happy to see the Irish to the peace talks, effectively achieving their goal. The British did not focus on the terminology, as evidenced by the quote: the British couldn't care what the Irish called it and still dont.

Another fascinating fact is that during the Irish Civil War (1922-1923), more Irishmen were killed and hanged by their fellow countrymen than by the British during the War of Independence.

In conclusion, while the period of conflict is often referred to as a revolution, the Irish War of Independence is better described as a struggle for national independence, rather than a complete social or political revolution. This distinction is crucial for a proper understanding of Irish history and the complexities of the Irish freedom struggle.