Why Did the US Cavalry Use Horses Instead of Mules in the American Wild West?

The US cavalry, that iconic branch of the American Army, was built around the use of horses, an enduring image of the Wild West. This was not without good reason, as horses offered several strategic advantages over mules, despite both being capable beasts of burden.

Advantages of Horses Over Mules

One of the primary reasons for the widespread use of horses in the American West was their size and training. Horses are larger and more easily trained than mules, a common saying being "stubborn as a mule." This saying exists for a valid reason — a soldier cannot afford to worry when a mule decides it doesn't want to do something in the heat of battle or during critical logistics operations.

The Role of Mules in US Military Operations

While it is accurate to say that the US cavalry mainly used horses, mules were also extensively employed. Thousands of mules were used for cargo transportation and overland supply trains. The traditional '20 mule Team Borax' image comes to mind, with 6-7 Conestoga wagons in line behind about 20 mules. This image is not just nostalgic; it reflects the role of mules in the American West.

Historical Use of Mules by the US Military

General George Crook was a notable figure for his use of mules during the American Indian campaigns, particularly during the Bighorn and Yellowstone Expeditions in the western plains. He also employed mules in the southwest, specifically against the Apache and Geronimo in Arizona. In these campaigns, mules played a crucial role in logistical support.

Packing Manual for Mules

The US Army even has a dedicated manual for packing and using mules. Mules were widely used for transporting supplies due to their robustness and working endurance. However, the ample supply of horses made them more sustainable for the cavalry. Additionally, mules cannot be used for cavalry due to their temperament, as horses are faster and easier to train.

Pitfalls of Using Mules in Cavalry Operations

Working with mules was demanding, and mule handlers (mule-skinners) were known for their exceptional skills and often used foul language in the process. Mules are known for their independence; they would often refuse to perform tasks if they felt like it. Even today, if you meet a mule, you might understand why such specialized skills are required.

Historical Utilization of Mules in the Military

Though mules were not as effective for cavalry, they were widely utilized in logistical support, especially in rough terrain. The military recognizes the value of mules when it comes to logistical needs but not in combat situations. A mule's intelligence, strength, and endurance make them superior for certain roles, such as supporting military operations in challenging terrains.

Conclusion

While mules are indeed stronger, smarter, and have better working endurance than horses, the choice in the Wild West was driven by the need for a mount that would be both fast and prepared to follow orders without question. Horses filled this role perfectly, making them an ideal companion for the US cavalry in the American West.