Why Are Black and White Films Sometimes Called 'Noir'?

Black and white film is an art form that has captivated audiences for decades. It was the preferred method of filmmaking for many of the greatest artists in the history of cinema, with notable directors like Billy Wilder famously working in this format. By 1970, as color filming became more accessible, Wilder had only made two films in color. However, black and white film has a rich history that extends well beyond mere practicality.

The Cost Factor

Before the 1970s, color filming was very expensive. Black and white film production was significantly cheaper, which made it the preferred choice for many filmmakers. Additionally, the process of colorizing old black and white films has frequently resulted in mixed reviews. Critics and audiences often lament the loss of the 'mystique' these classic films possessed in their original form. This approach was quietly abandoned due to its controversial nature.

Noire: The French Influence

When discussing black and white films, one often hears the term 'noir.' The term 'Noire' is originally a French word used by French critics and audiences to describe a style of film that emerged during the interwar period between World War I and World War II, and it gained prominence in the 1940s and 1950s. These films, directed by American directors, were often known for their bleak and pessimistic tones.

Characteristics of Noir Films

Noir films are distinguished by their distinctive visual style and thematic content. They often feature anti-heroes, victims driven by revenge, and characters motivated by greed, love, and a sense of post-war disillusionment. The term noir even comes with certain visual cues, such as the use of German Expressionism. It's common for scenes in these films to depict someone taking a gun from a drawer early on in the narrative, marking a notable trope.

Examples of Noir Films

Not all noir films conform strictly to these characteristics. Some, like Fritz Lang's 1938 film 'You and Me,' offer a more light-hearted and optimistic take on the genre. Despite their differences, noir films share a common thread of cinematic traits that make them distinct. These films often evoke a sense of unease and tension, highlighting the dark side of human nature.

Conclusion

The term 'noir' in the context of black and white films refers to a specific genre characterized by its dark, brooding, and often pessimistic themes. While the tradition of black and white filmmaking has largely given way to color, the impact and legacy of these films continue to influence modern cinema. Whether it was the cost factor or artistic choice, black and white films have left an indelible mark on the art of filmmaking.