Who Decides What a Movie is Rated: An In-Depth Analysis

I have been rating every movie I have seen since 1999 on IMDb, and I can attest to the complex process behind assigning ratings to films. As of 2023, my IMDb profile boasts 1,668 rated films, averaging around 76 a year. In that time, I have awarded 10 out of 10 to only ten films, bestowed 1 out of 10 on forty-two movies, and given an average of 5 out of 10 to a staggering 399 films.

Introduction to Film Rating Systems

There are various film rating systems in place, each designed to guide audiences towards appropriate content. The most well-known is the MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) rating system in the United States, which includes categories like G, PG, PG-13, R, and NC-17. These ratings are intended to inform parents and guardians about the suitability of films for various age groups.

The decision-making process involves a combination of factors, including clout, critical analysis, and negotiations between studios, filmmakers, and the MPAA. This article delves into the intricacies of how movies are ultimately rated, providing insights into the roles of critics, studios, and the rating board itself.

The Role of Critics with Clout

Critics with 'clout' play a significant role in shaping public perception of films. These individuals, whether academically recognized or through their influence in publication, analyze movies based on a variety of criteria. For instance, a critic may evaluate a film's artistic merit, narrative coherence, or technical aspects, comparing it to contemporaries or the director's previous works.

The clout of a critic is often determined by their extensive knowledge and expertise in the field. For example, Gordon Ramsay, a renowned chef, has more clout than an unknown chef due to his experience and success in the culinary world. Similarly, critics recognized for their insightful analyses, such as Roger Ebert or Rotten Tomatoes, can significantly influence public opinion and box office performance.

The Negotiation Process

The final determination of a movie's rating is often the result of a negotiation between the studio, the filmmakers, and the MPAA. This process can be described as a slow-motion, high-stakes horse trading session where different interests are balanced.

The negotiation starts with the filmmakers presenting their film to the MPAA. The rating board, which includes members from the film industry and representatives from the MPAA, reviews the film and provides feedback. Studios and filmmakers then work together to address any issues that may affect the rating. For example, violent scenes, graphic content, or mature themes might necessitate edits to gain a more favorable rating.

The MPAA considers various factors, such as the impact of violent content, profanity, nudity, and overall suitability for different age groups. These considerations often lead to a series of discussions and revisions until a consensus on the appropriate rating is reached.

The Impact of Ratings

The rating assigned by the MPAA has a significant impact on a film's reception, marketing, and box office performance. A highly rated film, such as those awarded 10 out of 10, can attract a wider audience and generate buzz. On the other hand, a film with a low rating, such as those given 1 out of 10, may struggle to find an audience and could face challenges in distribution and marketing.

Furthermore, ratings can influence critical reception and public opinion. Positive reviews from clout-carrying critics can drive up ratings and enhance a film's standing. Negative reviews, on the other hand, can lead to a lower rating and a diminished public perception.

One of the most critical aspects of this negotiation is the balance between artistic integrity and commercial success. Filmmakers and studios often strive to create a film that resonates with their target audience while also maintaining the creative vision of the filmmakers. The rating assigned by the MPAA can complicate this balance, necessitating revisions and compromises to ensure the film's success.

Conclusion

The process of assigning a movie rating is a multifaceted endeavor that involves the expertise of critics, the influence of studios, and the decisions of the MPAA. Understanding this process is crucial for filmmakers, critics, and audiences alike. By recognizing the various stakeholders involved and the factors that influence ratings, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complex nature of movie ratings and their impact on our cinematic experiences.

Whether a movie receives a perfect score or a low rating, it is the result of a series of negotiations and evaluations that ultimately shape our perception of the film. As a movie enthusiast, it is essential to consider the ratings in conjunction with personal preferences and the broader context of film criticism.