What Was Hungary Called Before? Comparison and Differences with Current Name

Hungary, a nation with a rich and complex history, has undergone several name changes throughout its existence. The term 'Hungary' itself, as we use it today, hides a myriad of ancient and medieval titles, reflecting the country's diverse cultural and political influences. In this article, we delve into the historical names of Hungary and compare them with its current name, shedding light on the evolution and significance of each term.

Historical Names of Hungary

The historical name of Hungary has undergone many transformations. The evolution of the name 'Hungary' can be traced back to the Middle Ages when the country first emerged as a distinct entity.

1. Avar Empire

Before the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary, the region was part of the Avar Empire, which was a Khazar and Hunnable confederation. The Avars referred to this territory as the maghar in their language, which likely derived the term 'Magyar,' the name for the Magyar people who later established the Hungarian state.

2. Magyar

Following the Avar period, the Magyar tribes invaded the Carpathian Basin in 896 AD. The Magyar people referred to their land as "Homeland" or "Country," which was often rendered in Latin as 'Pannonia' or 'Magyarország' in Hungarian. The term 'Magyarország' became more prominent after the Magyars established the Hungarian Kingdom.

3. Arpad Kingdom (1000 AD-1945)

With the coronation of Saint Stephen I as the first King of Hungary in 1000 AD, the official name of the country became 'Kingdom of Hungary.' This name remained the standard until World War II when ethnic and political changes brought about different naming conventions.

Current Name of Hungary

Today, Hungary is officially known as 'Hungary' in the English language, 'Magyarország' in Hungarian, and 'Hongrie' in French. The English name 'Hungary' derives from the medieval Latin term 'Henricia' or 'Hunenum," which referred to the region around the city of Kanizsa, where the first Hungarian king was crowned.

Modern Identity and Usage

The modern name 'Hungary' emphasizes the nation's unique identity and its distinct cultural heritage. However, the term 'Magyarország' carries a deeper cultural and linguistic significance, often evoking a sense of national pride and unity among Hungarian speakers.

Differences Between Historical and Current Names

The primary difference between historical names and the current name lies in their connotations and cultural significance. Historical names like 'Magyarország' are deeply rooted in the language and culture of the Hungarian people, associating the nation with its ancient heritage and the Magyar tribes.

In contrast, the name 'Hungary' is more neutral and often used in an international context. It serves as a tool for diplomacy and international relations, highlighting the nation's geographical and political boundaries in the modern world.

Geographical and Administrative Implications

The geographical and administrative implications of these names also differ. The term 'Hungary' refers to the entire country and its borders, encompassing both the current administrative regions and the historical territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. On the other hand, 'Magyarország' emphasizes the cultural and linguistic unity of the Hungarian people within the country's borders.

Conclusion

The evolution of the name 'Hungary' from its historical roots to the modern name reflects the complex and diverse history of the nation. While 'Magyarország' is deeply rooted in the land and people of Hungary, 'Hungary' serves as a symbol of the nation's international identity and its place in the global community.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Why did the name change from Magyarország to Hungary?

A: The change occurred due to the need for a name suitable for international use. 'Hungary' was more concise and easier to pronounce in many languages, making it more practical for diplomatic and trade purposes.

Q: What is the significance of the term 'Avar Empire' in the context of pre-Hungary?

A: The Avar Empire represents the first significant power in the region that controlled the territory before the arrival of the Magyars. The term 'maghar' in Avar language formed the basis for the term 'Magyar,' which later became the name for the Hungarian people.

Q: How does the name 'Kingdom of Hungary' reflect the political and cultural state of the country?

A: The term 'Kingdom of Hungary' signifies the establishment of a fully independent and sovereign state with a monarch as its ruler. It represents the cultural and political unity of the Hungarian people, nurtured through the institution of the monarchy and the development of the nation's legal and administrative systems.