Was Shakespeares Theater Controversial in His Time?

Introduction

Was Shakespeare's theater controversial in his time? This question delves into the historical context and censorship practices of Elizabethan England, specifically focusing on Richard II, a play that sparked significant debate. This article examines whether any of Shakespeare's works were considered controversial and explores the roles and practices of the Master of the Revels in this context.

Controversy in Richard II

One of Shakespeare's most debated plays, Richard II, was particularly controversial during the reign of Elizabeth I. The reason for this controversy stemmed from a specific scene in which Richard II abdicates the throne, handing it over to Bolingbroke, who then becomes Henry IV. This scene raised concerns because it implied the concept of a change in the ruling cadence, which was a sensitive topic given Elizabeth's status as unmarried and without a clear heir to the throne.

The precise timing of these performances also adds a layer of intrigue. On the eve of the unsuccessful rebellion led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, the play was commissioned, further fueling the debate about its intent and influence.

Official Approval and Censorship

It is worth noting that no Shakespearean play was controversial enough to face outright censorship or suppression. All plays had to be approved by the Master of the Revels, the official censor of the time, before they could be performed in public. This position played a crucial role in the regulation of dramatic works to ensure no content offended the authorities.

Elizabeth I's reign was marked by a delicate balance between maintaining the status quo and addressing the pressing issue of succession. The Master of the Revels acted as a mediator, ensuring that plays aligning with the official narrative were not only allowed but also celebrated. Despite the potential for subversive interpretations, there is no evidence that any of Shakespeare's works significantly offended the authorities.

Public Perception and Literary Discourse

With the rise of modern literary criticism, the texts of Shakespeare have become subject to various interpretations. Some scholars argue that Richard II and other tragedies like Macbeth, Hamlet, and King Lear reflect a dissatisfaction with the existing political regime. However, whether Shakespeare consciously intended to challenge this regime or merely narrated compelling stories remains a matter of debate.

Shakespeare's literary career thrived on the popularity and engagement of his audiences. His works were deeply appreciated and were not seen as contentious by the common people who frequented theaters like The Globe. The "spectacles" through which we view the original works are colored by our cultural context and modern interpretations, making it challenging to discern Shakespeare's true intentions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Richard II and other plays by Shakespeare may have raised concerns about royal succession and the nature of leadership, there is no definitive evidence to support the claim that any of his works were officially censored or widely considered controversial at the time of their performances. The Master of the Revels played a key role in ensuring that the plays aligned with the cultural and political expectations of Elizabethan England.