Was Queen Mallamma of Karnataka Really Defeated by Shivaji Maharaj or Vice-Versa?

Historical records have long dispelled the notion that Queen Mallamma of Karnataka upsetly defeated the renowned Maratha leader, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. This article delves into the historical context and details the actual events that transpired according to historical documents and academics.

Historical Context and Debunking Misperceptions

The assertion that a Kannada queen defeated the illustrious Maratha leader, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is not substantiated by historical records. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, active in the 17th century (1630-1680), is renowned for founding the Maratha Empire in western India and his strategic military prowess.

There is no significant historical evidence to support the claim that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj or his forces were defeated by a queen named Mallamma. It is possible that local legends or folklore may have developed around such figures, but in terms of authentic historical records, Shivaji Maharaj is recognized for his military successes against various adversaries, including the Mughal Empire and other regional powers.

Historical Accuracy Unveiled

The narrative suggesting that Mallamma and her forces defeated Shivaji Maharaj has its roots in exaggerations and fabrications by local historians. For example, the book "Shivaji-Mallamma Samarotsava" published by the Bombay (now Mumbai) Kannada department was written based on assumptions rather than factual evidence.

Historian Jadunath Sarkar, in his book ‘Shivaji and His Times,’ provides a detailed account of Shivaji Maharaj's southern campaign in the 1670s. According to Sarkar, Shivaji Maharaj launched an enormous military venture in southern India, comprising over 50,000 troops, to gain control over the coastal regions from the Tungabhadra and Kaveri rivers.

The Incident at Belavadi

Despite popular folklore, the confrontation at Belavadi involved a different scenario. Shivaji Maharaj's forces besieged Belavadi in December 1677, primarily because Mallamma's forces had stolen Maratha transport bullocks. The siege lasted 27 days, with Mallamma leading a fierce defense. After the siege, Mallamma was captured and brought to Shivaji Maharaj's court. Shivaji Maharaj recognized her valor and courage, releasing her and allowing her to retain her territory.

It is crucial to note that there is no evidence to suggest that Mallamma's forces defeated Shivaji Maharaj's forces. Instead, the historical record indicates that Mallamma's forces were ultimately defeated and captured by the Maratha army. Evidence supporting this can be found in the 4th standard textbook of the Maharashtra Board, which includes a detailed account of this event.

Chivalrous Conduct and Commemoration

Even during the capture, Shivaji Maharaj demonstrated chivalry towards Mallamma. Legend has it that an officer attempted to mistreat Mallamma, leading to Shivaji Maharaj issuing a stern command to blind the officer. This act of justice, alongside Shivaji Maharaj's patronage of Mallamma, was commemorated through a stone sculpture found in the village of Yadvad.

The sculpture depicts a bearded man (presumably Shivaji Maharaj) sitting with a child and holding a glass. Local stories suggest that this sculpture was intended to symbolize Shivaji Maharaj's promise of protection to Mallamma, as he gave a glass of milk to her child, a gesture of peace and goodwill.

Conclusion

The narrative of Mallamma defeating Shivaji Maharaj is more legend than history. The historical record clearly indicates that while Mallamma and her forces were captured, they were not defeated. Shivaji Maharaj demonstrated chivalry and respect towards Mallamma, recognizing her valor and allowing her to preserve her rule.

Those who insist on the belief that Mallamma defeated Shivaji Maharaj likely base their assertions on folklore and popular stories rather than historical evidence. As we continue to study and appreciate the rich history of Indian empires, it's essential to rely on authentic historical records.

Key Takeaways: Mallamma and her forces were captured, not defeated, by Shivaji Maharaj. Historical records and academic sources confirm that Mallamma's valor was recognized and respected by Shivaji Maharaj after their confrontation.

Keywords: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Mallamma, Maratha Empire