Understanding Parallel and Perpendicular Railroad Tracks
Understanding Parallel and Perpendicular Railroad Tracks
In the world of railroad engineering, understanding the concepts of parallel and perpendicular tracks is crucial for safe and efficient railway operations.
Are Railroad Tracks Always Parallel?
Railroad tracks can be either parallel or perpendicular, depending on their specific configuration and the design requirements of the railway system. One of the most fundamental aspects of railroad tracks is that they need to be parallel for a train to run smoothly. However, there are exceptions to this rule.
The Importance of Parallel Tracks
Most trains have two parallel wheels, one on each side. To ensure the train runs safely and efficiently, the rails on which the wheels run must also be parallel. This parallelism ensures that the train remains on the correct path and maintains smooth and balanced movement.
Parallel Tracks in Sets
In a railway system, a single track is always designed to be parallel. However, two consecutive tracks in a set (for example, a dual-track railway) may or may not be parallel. This can be influenced by the layout of the railway, curves, and other design considerations.
Perpendicular Tracks
While most tracks are parallel, in certain scenarios, such as at level grades where tracks intersect, they may be perpendicular or nearly perpendicular. This configuration is often found at junctions where tracks merge or diverge, ensuring safe passage and smooth transitions for trains.
Why Ballast and Sleepers Are Important
The track consists of two parallel steel rails set a standard distance apart called the gauge, which is typically 4 feet 8.5 inches (1435 millimeters). The rails are supported by sleepers (or ties in America) which are placed on a layer of ballast. Ballast helps distribute the weight of the train evenly and provides a stable foundation for the tracks.
At turning points or junctions, the rails are not always parallel, due to the need for trains to navigate curves or merge/diverge with other tracks. This non-parallel design is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of the railway system.
Guide for Trains Acting on Railroad Tracks
Railroad tracks serve as a low-friction surface on which trains run, providing a smooth and safe passage. Additionally, the tracks can be used to transfer the weight of the train to the ground below. Railways also sometimes use a third rail for electrical power, a concept you might have heard of.
Conclusion
While the majority of railroad tracks are parallel, the design and configuration can vary depending on the specific needs of the railway system. Whether parallel or perpendicular, the tracks play a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient transportation. Understanding the principles behind track design is essential for anyone interested in the complex world of railroad engineering.