The Support of Aurangzeb in Khajwa (1659): A Key Turning Point in the Mughal Dynasty

The Battle of Khajwa, fought on January 5, 1659, was a critical turning point in the Mughal Empire, marking the consolidation of power for Aurangzeb, who would later become the fifth Mughal Emperor. This battle was not only a military engagement but also a symbol of the intricate political maneuverings and power struggles of the time. Understanding the support Aurangzeb received during this conflict provides insight into his rise to power and the eventual downfall of his brothers.

Context and Significance of the Battle

The Battle of Khajwa, fought in a palace near Fatehpur-Hasua in Allahabad, was part of a larger power struggle within the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire at the time was deeply divided, with various factions vying for supremacy. The battle was a critical juncture that determined the fate of Aurangzeb and his brothers, particularly Dara Shikoh and Shah Shuja.

Support from Loyal Military Commanders and Nobility

Aurangzeb's success at Khajwa was largely due to the support he received from his loyal military commanders and a faction of the Mughal nobility. One of the key figures in this support was Mirza Raja Jai Singh, a prominent Rajput general. Jai Singh played a significant role in Aurangzeb's campaigns and was instrumental in bolstering his military strength. His strategic alliances and military support were crucial in the defeat of Aurangzeb's enemies.

The Role of Dara Shikoh and Shah Shuja

While Aurangzeb received significant support, his brothers were not necessarily enemies. In fact, his eldest brother Dara Shikoh and his allies were also involved in the power struggle. However, their support was directed towards securing the throne themselves rather than supporting Aurangzeb. Dara Shikoh had faced Aurangzeb in previous battles, such as the Battle of Dharmat and the Battle of Samugarh, and was defeated by Aurangzeb, who then forced his father, Shah Jahan, to surrender the capital city of Agra.

Aurangzeb's Consolidation of Power

Once Aurangzeb had secured several victories, including the Battle of Khajwa, he was in a stronger position to consolidate his power. The defeat of Dara Shikoh at Khajwa paved the way for Aurangzeb's eventual ascension to the Mughal throne. Dara Shikoh was captured and later executed, confirming Aurangzeb's dominance over the Mughal Empire.

The Battle and Its Outcome

The Battle of Khajwa was a strategic victory for Aurangzeb. The battle itself was fought in a palace near Fatehpur-Hasua in Allahabad, which was strategically located to support Aurangzeb's military campaigns. The Mughal army, led by Aurangzeb and supported by key generals like Mirza Raja Jai Singh, was able to triumph over the forces of Shah Shuja and Dara Shikoh. The outcome of this battle was a significant shift in the political landscape of the Mughal Empire, with Aurangzeb emerging as the clear victor.

Conclusion

The support from loyal commanders and a faction of the Mughal nobility was pivotal in Aurangzeb's victory at Khajwa in 1659. This battle marked a turning point in the Mughal Empire, leaving a lasting impact on the political history of the region. The support from figures like Mirza Raja Jai Singh provided Aurangzeb with the necessary military and political backing to ascend to the Mughal throne, ultimately leading to the execution of his brother Dara Shikoh.