The Sons of Henry II: Legitimate and Illegitimate

Henry II of England, also known as Henry II Plantagenet, was one of the most influential kings of the Angevin dynasty. His lineage was marked by both prominence and tragedy. This article delves into the story of Henry II's sons, both legitimate and illegitimate, and the fate of those who lived to adulthood.

Legitimate Sons of Henry II of England

Henry II of England and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, had five legitimate sons and three daughters. Among his sons, the eldest son William died in infancy, delivering a tragic loss early in the family’s lineage. The second son, Henry (also known as the Young King), was created king during his father’s lifetime to secure the continuity of the dynasty. However, his reign was short-lived, as he passed away a few years before his father. The most famous of Henry II's sons, Richard (nicknamed Lionheart), followed his father as king of England. However, Richard spent most of his reign in France, participating in the Crusades, and left no legitimate heir, dying childless.

The fourth son, Geoffrey, also known as Geoffrey Plantagenet II, succeeded as Duke of Brittany. Geoffrey’s eventual death led to the succession of his younger brother John (nicknamed Lackland), who would later become notorious for his tyrannical rule as King of England. John's reign is often remembered for his dispute with the barons, which eventually led to the signing of Magna Carta.

Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine also had two illegitimate sons known to history:

Geoffrey, who succeeded his uncle as Archbishop of York William, who became Earl of Salisbury

Impact on the Plantagenet Dynasty

The Plantagenets were a prolific dynasty, known for their expansive territorial ambitions and complex family dynamics. Henry II’s sons, both legitimate and illegitimate, played pivotal roles in shaping the political landscape of not only England but also France. Henry's influence extended beyond his immediate family, as his daughter Eleanor became Queen of Castile, while his other daughters matriculated into marriages that further strengthened the alliances of the Plantagenets.

Conclusion

The legacy of Henry II of England is intertwined with the lives of his sons, each of whom left an indelible mark on history. The story of Richard the Lionheart, John Lackland, and the other sons of Henry II is a testament to the complexities of medieval royal succession and the enduring impact of the Plantagenet dynasty.