The Persistence of Caste in India: Who Really Wants It To Remain?

India, a vast and diverse nation, has seen numerous social changes over the centuries. However, the concept of 'caste' remains deeply entrenched, challenging efforts to achieve social equality. This article explores the origins of the caste system, its current state, and who benefits from its continuation.

Oral History vs. Colonial Constructs

It is often claimed that 'caste' is a term introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial era, as a tool in the British 'divide and rule' policy. In a bid to implement a rigid hierarchical society, the British mandated the use of birth-based identities similar to those in 18th and 19th-century Europe. They further utilized the concept of 'varna,' or innate social classes, to create well-defined 'jati' communities. Other aspects of identity, such as clan, occupation, and birth, were also utilized in constructing this social framework.

A Paradox of Discrimination

The amusing aspect of this colonial imposition is that those who wish for the caste system to remain are predominantly the same individuals who claim to be discriminated against. This paradox underscores the complexity of social stratification in contemporary India.

The Dream of a Vedic Humanities

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) envisions a single, unified nation with the RSS as the ruling class, thereby maintaining the caste system. This vision contrasts sharply with the inclusive ideals of a casteless society. However, the RSS's agenda runs counter to the beliefs of many forward-thinking Indians, including those who advocate for the abolition of the caste system.

The Secular Politics of Caste

Several pseudo-secular political parties embrace and utilize casteism for electoral benefits. By providing reservations, these parties play to the existing social divisions, promoting vote bank politics over genuine efforts at social equality. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, a prominent voice against the caste system, advocated for a national identity in which caste does not divide individuals. However, his vision was diluted by those who sought to use reservations for political gains.

The Reality of Caste Divisions

In reality, both upper and lower castes exhibit casteist behavior. Upper castes, such as Deshast Brahmins and Konkanasth Brahmins, do not associate with each other. Lower castes, such as Mahars and Mangs, have their own hierarchies. Even in Dr. Ambedkar's inter-dining sessions, similar to those proposed by Veer Savarkar, lower-caste individuals would not partake in activities perceived as inferior by their fellow lower-caste members.

The Impact of Reservations

Reservations, while intended as a means of providing opportunities to historically disadvantaged groups, have instead become a tool for sustaining the caste system. Even affluent individuals now seek reservations for electoral and social benefits. This perpetuates the idea of a socially stratified society rather than uniting Indians in the pursuit of equality.

Beyond Caste: A Call for Unity

The repercussions of the caste system extend beyond societal divisions. Political parties have capitalized on these divisions, often at the expense of inclusivity and unity. By understanding and addressing the real issues that divide Indian society, such as casteism, we can work towards a more equitable and united nation.

Let us foster an environment where all individuals are treated as equals, regardless of their caste. It is only by rooting out the caste system that we can achieve true social harmony and progress.