The Origin and Evolution of the Expression 'Getting Cold Feet'

The expression 'getting cold feet' has a complex history, with various theories suggesting its origins in both physical and metaphorical scenarios. Over time, the phrase has evolved to convey a person's hesitation or reluctance to go through with an action, particularly one involving long-term commitment or significant risk.

Military Origins

One of the most popular theories about the origin of the phrase 'getting cold feet' traces its roots to the military. According to this theory, soldiers would often experience fear or hesitation before engaging in battle, leading to a physical reaction of cold feet. This fear-induced chill in the legs was a relatable and memorable experience for many, making it an effective metaphor for hesitation or withdrawal from a commitment.

19th Century Usage

The phrase 'getting cold feet' appeared in American English in the late 19th century. One of the earliest documented uses of the phrase can be found in a 1902 short story by American author Stephen Crane. In his story, the character experiences a sudden reluctance to fulfill a commitment, describing it as a 'cold foot' condition. This example suggests that the phrase was being used by authors and writers to convey a sense of vacillation or hesitation.

The Oxford English Dictionary notes that the first recorded use of this phrase in the context of losing courage or enthusiasm is by Stephen Crane, in his 1896 short novel 'Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.' Crane writes, 'They got cold feet,' in connection with one of his characters who backs out of a planned action due to fear or second thoughts.

Evolution of the Phrase

While the precise origin of the phrase is still debated, several other theories have been proposed:

Presbyterian Missionaries

Another theory suggests that the phrase was originally used by Presbyterian missionaries in the 1800s. According to this theory, the original phrase was: 'If your feet are cold, you are not converted.' This phrase was often used to describe the situation where someone was not in a position to convert due to poor circumstances, such as financial difficulties or lack of resources.

Gamblers and Financial Commitments

There is also speculation that the phrase may have originated among gamblers who back out of a game when they have lost all of their money. The idea is that a gambler would literally have 'cold feet' if they had lost all their money and could not continue with the game.

A notable example is a German novel published in 1862 that suggests the phrase related to financial commitments. In this context, people might 'get cold feet' when they were unable to fulfill financial obligations, reducing their resources to the point where they could no longer proceed.

Sources

The origins of the phrase 'getting cold feet' remain unclear, with multiple theories and possible influences contributing to its evolution. Stephen Crane's use of the phrase in 'Maggie: A Girl of the Streets' solidified its status in American English and literature. However, the true origin remains a subject of debate, with contributions from various historical contexts such as military fears, financial difficulties, and missionary work.

Key References:

Stephen Crane, "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets," 1896 Brian P. Dunleavy, "The Origin of Cold Feet," The American Speech, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 288-290, 1984 Langdon Hammer, "Getting Cold Feet, 'Parting the Red Waters,' and 'Pudd'nhead Wilson,' " MLN, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 1-20, 1996

Keywords: Getting Cold Feet, Military Origins, 19th Century Usage