Introduction

The debate surrounding Pakistan's status as a democratic country is complex and often controversial. On one hand, the country's constitution claims it as a democratic state. On the other hand, the reality on the ground suggests significant challenges and obstacles that obstruct its democratic ideals.

Claiming Democracy

Constitutional Framework: According to the constitution of Pakistan, the country should be seen as a democratic nation. It establishes a parliamentary system where a President serves as the ceremonial head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The National Assembly and the Senate, responsible for legislative functions, are both elected bodies. The constitution also protects fundamental rights and guarantees an independent judiciary.

Electoral Process: The elections in Pakistan are held to elect members of the National Assembly, who then choose the Prime Minister. These processes are supposed to ensure that the people have a say in their government. However, there is continual debate over the fairness and integrity of these elections.

Challenges to Democracy

Military Interference: Decades of military coups and political instability have characterized Pakistan's history. The military has often been criticized for interfering in the democratic process. For instance, the assassination of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1979, and the successive coups by military leaders, indicate a lack of respect for democratic norms. Military generals have played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of Pakistan, often acting as puppet masters behind the scenes.

Political Instability: The fact that the common citizen does not trust either the current or previous Prime Ministers highlights the democratic deficit. This mistrust stems from the perception that elections are rigged and that military and external forces, such as the USA, play a role in determining the outcome.

Failed State: From the independence in 1947 to the 2022 present, Pakistan has spent more than 30 years under military rule, which significantly undermines its democratic credentials. The country celebrates 75 years of independence, but nearly a third of that time has been marked by dictatorships. This extended period of military intervention has hampered the development of a strong, stable democratic framework.

Dictatorship in Pakistan

The list of dictators who have taken control of Pakistan through coups during the shedding years include:

Ghulam Muhammad (1953–54) Iskandar Mirza (1958) Ayub Khan (1958–69) Yahya Khan (1969–71) Muhammad Zia Ul Haq (1978–88) Pervez Musharraf (2001–08)

These coups, especially those led by military leaders, further perpetuate the image of Pakistan as a failed state and a failed democracy. Each military takeover represents a setback for the democratic process and the rule of law.

The Way Forward

To move towards a more robust democratic system, Pakistan needs to address the underlying issues that have led to political instability and military interference. These include:

Ensuring Fair Elections: Strengthening independent electoral bodies to ensure fair and transparent elections can help establish public trust in the democratic process. Reducing Military Influence: Gradually reducing the military's role in politics and ensuring that it remains within its constitutional sphere is crucial. Building Public Trust: Promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance can help rebuild trust in the democratic system.

While Pakistan continues to grapple with the legacy of past coups and military interventions, the need for a more democratic future remains urgent. The journey towards a true democracy must be sustained and steadfast.

Conclusion

Despite constitutional claims to the contrary, the reality on the ground paints a different picture of Pakistan's democratic journey. Ongoing challenges, including military coups and political instability, highlight the need for a more robust and stable democratic framework. The path to a genuine democracy, one that reflects the will and aspirations of the common citizen, is both complex and arduous. But it is a journey worth undertaking for the betterment of the nation.

References

The Constitution of Pakistan

The constitution of Pakistan guarantees fundamental rights, establishes a parliamentary system, and protects the judiciary. However, it has also faced challenges from military coups and political instability.

Elections in Pakistan

Elections are held to elect members of the National Assembly, who then choose the Prime Minister. However, the process has often been marred by controversies over fairness and integrity.

Independence of Pakistan

Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and celebrated its 75th year of independence in 2022. However, the extended period under military rule has impacted its democratic development.

List of Dictators

Right from Ghulam Muhammad to current military interventions, Pakistan has faced numerous military rule periods, primarily due to coups.

References

Numerous reports and analyses have documented the challenges and progress in Pakistan's struggle for democracy. For a comprehensive understanding, refer to these sources.