The Musical Credits of 'Refren': Bach, Vivaldi, and Preisner

The music that accompanies the opening and closing credits of Krzysztof Kieslowski's film 'Refren,' as identified by music recognition software Shazam, is typically attributed to Antonio Vivaldi. However, a closer examination reveals that the music is actually based on a composition by J.S. Bach, specifically the Concerto in A minor for four harpsichords. This concerto draws its inspiration from Vivaldi’s original work, a Concerto in B minor for four violins from his collection L’Estro Armonico. This intriguing musical journey highlights the complex and fascinating history behind the opening credits of 'Refren.'

Tracing the Musical Lineage

The use of Vivaldi’s music in the credits of 'Refren' has sparked debates among film enthusiasts and musicologists. However, a closer analysis of the details reveals that the music is based on a compositional piece by J.S. Bach, adapted from Vivaldi’s original work. Bach’s arrangement reimagines the piece for a different instrumentation, with some additional changes that give it a distinct flavor.

A Departure from Perceived Attribution

The film 'Refren' was made in 1972 when Zbigniew Preisner, the acclaimed Polish composer known for his film scores, was just about 17 years old. Preisner has since become renowned for his compositions for films, including those of Krzysztof Kieslowski. However, it is unusual for a composer of Preisner's stature to be credited with the original composition of the music used in 'Refren.' Preisner did not start composing for Kieslowski’s films until over ten years later, in 1983.

The Original Credit Controversy

Given the age and inexperience of Preisner at the time of 'Refren's production, it is reasonable to question the original assumption that Preisner's own composition led to the music being used in the credits. The connection to Vivaldi and Bach provides a more nuanced understanding of the musical heritage behind 'Refren.'

Conclusion

The music used in the opening and closing credits of 'Refren' presents an interesting case in the history of film music. It demonstrates the complex interplay between different composers and the enduring influence of baroque and classical music on modern film scores.