The Legacy of Anglo-Saxons and Vikings in Modern England

British people are a mixture of many different races and ethnicities, with traces of various ancestry woven through their genetic fabric. From the Romans to the Vikings, and even illicit liaisons with royals of past centuries, the genetic makeup of the British population is a fascinating tapestry of history and heritage.

History and Genetics

Celts, Jutes, Angles, Saxons, Vikings, Arab, Asian, and even African genes can be found in the native population of England, spread over many centuries of coupling. It's a cynical saying but true: it takes a wise man to know his own father. Today's appearances give no certainty as to our individual genetic makeup.

The Roman Empire and its Troops

The Roman army was composed of men from all over the empire. In Cumbria, evidence exists that 'Roman' troops came from the Balkans, while others stationed on Hadrian#39;s Wall originated from Africa. Safe sex wasn't a primary concern for these soldiers, to say the least.

Norse and Anglo-Saxon Influence

Norse and Anglo-Saxon heritage is widespread in Britain. The Norse were indeed present, with people in Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark all sharing Norse roots. However, Viking was not an identity but an activity, a group activity.

Looking for Viking DNA

Step one: Fly into Heathrow Airport. Step two: Disembark from your plane. Step three: Go outside and look around. Most of the people you see are descendants of Vikings. The further north you travel from London, the higher the percentage of Viking DNA.

Walking through Yorkshire, you might spot a young farm boy with blond hair and massive shoulders, striding across a field. His name might be Harry Huddersfield, but his roots run deep with Norse influences.

People Move Around, DNA Exchanges

Immutable laws of human history suggest that people will not stay where they are placed. They will move, and when they move, they exchange DNA. This process is immutable and ongoing.

Anglo-Saxons and English Identity

Anglo-Saxons and the English are synonymous terms. The term 'Anglo-Saxon' has been used interchangeably with 'English' for centuries. Old English is known as 'Englisc,' and when J. R. R. Tolkien taught at Oxford University, he was a professor of Anglo-Saxon.

The Normans, on the other hand, were a distinct group, speaking French and not part of the English identity. Their invasion was a sudden, concentrated event compared to the gradual, large-scale migration of the Anglo-Saxons.

The Norman Impact

The Normans, who invaded with around 10,000 men, had a profound cultural impact. However, their genetic influence on modern English DNA is minimal. Less than 5% of modern English aristocracy can trace Norman lineage.

The Anglo-Saxons adapted to cultural waves over time, shaping the people we see today. They are the cultural heritage of the English people, embodying a thousand years of history and transformation.