The Kindness of Ancient Persia: Embracing Diversity Amid Limitations

In the annals of ancient history, Persia often stands out as a beacon of tolerance and respect for diverse communities. While it is important to recognize that no society in the past or present has existed without flaws, Persia's inclusive policies make it a notable exception in comparison to contemporaneous civilizations such as the Brahminist kingdoms, the Greeks, and the Roman empires.

Comparing Persia to Other Empires

When comparing Persia to other ancient empires, it becomes evident why it was more hospitable for those seeking refuge from persecution. Unlike the Brahminist kingdoms of India, which were inflexible in their societal structures and often violent towards those outside their caste system, Persia provided a more lenient environment. Similarly, the Greeks and Romans, with their rigid societal hierarchies and rampant persecution of religious minorities, do not hold a candle to the comparatively tolerant policies of Persia.

However, it is crucial to understand that even in Persia, the treatment of certain groups was far from perfect. While Persia did not persecute religions, it still had its share of moments of intolerance and discrimination. This duality is a hallmark of human societies throughout history, making the idea of a perfect, utopian past both naive and unrealistic.

Persian Society: A Mixed Bag

The notion of a "utopia" or a perfect society is a myth. All human societies, regardless of their time period, have had their dark sides. Ancient peoples were not 'noble savages'; they were as complex and flawed as anyone else. The idea of a 'golden age' rooted in an ideal past has been perpetuated by selective memory and an absence of historical context, leading to an idealized view of the past. Our focus should be on enhancing the present and future rather than believing in mythical virtuous societies.

Even within Persia, only a small percentage of the population had access to broader horizons. For the vast majority, life remained narrow and limited. Most people lived and died within a 50-mile radius of their birthplace, with very few venturing further than 20 miles from their homes. This geographical and social isolation meant that most cultures had little awareness of others outside their immediate vicinity. Elite members, such as officials and travelers, were more exposed to different cultures, leading to a more cosmopolitan perspective.

Roman Empire vs. Persian Empire

While the concept of inclusivity can be found in some segments of society within the Roman Empire, especially among the late Empire elite, it is important to recognize that their practices were not always as enlightened as they might appear. For instance, Roman officials were often more accepting of diversity within their domains, a key factor in their maintaining control over vast territories. Governors and generals from various backgrounds were common, which sometimes even led to the ascension of individuals to the imperial throne.

Nevertheless, the Roman system was far from perfect. They maintained a balance between local loyalty and the subjugation of others. Local chieftains were sometimes kept in place as local rulers, while others were mercilessly enslaved. The Romans were particularly fond of Greek slaves, who were considered prime tutors due to their education and cultural refinement. If communities were described with exaggerated or unbelievable characteristics, these narratives were often accepted without question due to a lack of broader context or knowledge.

It is important to view ancient societies with a critical eye, understanding the complexities and the limitations of their time. While Persia certainly had its virtues and stands as a positive example of inclusive governance for its time, it was not without its flaws and contradictions. The ongoing narrative of inclusivity and respect for diversity is a journey that continues to this day, with much progress yet to be made.

By learning from the past and acknowledging its imperfections, we can continue to strive for a better future where respect for all cultures and individuals is the norm.