The Journey of Lake Erie: From Source to Ocean

Lake Erie, the smallest of the Great Lakes, plays a pivotal role in the hydrological cycle of the northeastern United States and southern Ontario. The waters of Lake Erie are continuously in motion, shaped by human intervention and natural forces, making their journey complex and fascinating.

Drinking Water and Agriculture

Approximately a portion of Lake Erie's water is used as a source for drinking water and agriculture. This water nourishes communities and supports the agricultural industries around the lake. The surrounding states, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, and the Canadian province of Ontario, rely heavily on this natural resource for their sustenance and economic activities.

Water Drainage Patterns

While some of the water from Lake Erie drains through the Welland Canal to Lake Ontario, a vast majority of the lake's water flows through the Niagara River, cascading over Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario.

The water journey from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario takes a significant detour. After reaching Lake Ontario, the water flows out via the St. Lawrence River, eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean. However, a considerable amount of water is diverted for various purposes, significantly impacting the river flow and ecosystem.

Via the Niagara River

A substantial volume of water from the Niagara River, approximately 60 to 75 percent, is diverted through power plants on both sides of the border. This means that, while much of the water cascades over the iconic Niagara Falls, a significant portion is used in power generation. The volume that does flow over the falls is impressive, maintaining its spectacle despite the diversions.

Another major diversion takes place through the Welland Canal, which connects Lakes Erie and Ontario. This canal diverts about 9500 cubic feet per second away from the Niagara River, while the New York Barge Canal diverts an additional 1100 cubic feet per second. This water makes its way to Lake Ontario via the Oswego Canal.

Treaties and Regulations

These diversions are regulated by treaties between the United States and Canada, ensuring that both nations work together to manage the water resources. In fact, the diversion through the Erie Canal dates back to a treaty with Great Britain before Canada was an independent nation, reflecting the long-standing importance of water management in the region.

Natural Outlets

In the end, the water falls off a cliff near Buffalo, New York, before making its way to Lake Ontario and ultimately to the St. Lawrence River. This final stretch is not only a natural wonder but also a testament to the enduring power of water in shaping the environment.

The hydrological journey of Lake Erie is a complex and fascinating process, involving natural forces, human interventions, and international treaties. Understanding this journey is crucial for ensuring the sustainable use and protection of these vital water resources.