The Influence of Mind-Altering Substances on Military Actions: Insights from Historical Battles

Historical battles often portrayed in modern cinema, such as Black Hawk Down and 13 Hours, frequently show enemy forces charging towards firing guns, seemingly unaware of the importance of cover. However, this portrayal is often far from accurate. This article explores the real-world impact of mind-altering substances on military actions, focusing on the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia and analyzing how the effects of such substances affected both sides.

Understanding the Effects of Khat on Soldiers

In the historical Battle of Mogadishu, known as Black Hawk Down, enemy forces were under the influence of a local drug called Khat. Khat, a shrub that is chewed to produce a stimulant effect, was consumed by local militia in the morning. It was suggested that the American forces would have a higher chance of success if they attacked later in the day, by which time the enemy would be more intoxicated and rendered less effective. However, the American forces initiated their attack early, disregarding the recommended strategy. The Khat, in its early stages of consumption, heightened the sense of bravery and willingness to take exceptional risks among the enemy soldiers.

Historical Context and Interpretation

For the Somali militia, the consumption of Khat may indeed have influenced their behavior, but it did little to increase their intellectual capabilities. The culture and attitudes of their society dictated their actions, with the local warlords often encouraging their followers to engage in violent actions against perceived enemies, such as American troops. Historically, the consequences of disobeying these warlords were severe, often leading to death for those who failed in their missions.

Comparison with Other Historical Battles

Frontal attacks have been a common tactic in numerous historical battles, from the Battle of the Somme during World War I to the Banzai charges by the Japanese during World War II. The willingness of soldiers to engage in such actions often stemmed from a belief in the expendability of their lives, especially when fighting for their local leaders or in the name of a higher cause. Covering fire was essential for a successful attack, but the determination of the soldiers was often driven by duty, cultural norms, and the perceived benefits of success.

Analysis of Underlying Factors

Some researchers and commentators suggest that the real reason behind the enemy’s aggressive actions, as seen in both Black Hawk Down and 13 Hours, could be due to the influence of drugs like Khat, coupled with the societal and religious beliefs of the local population. The battle cry, “ALLAH is GREAT!” from soldiers in 13 Hours indicates a deep-seated belief in the divine right to kill infidels, while also providing the illusion of a reward in the afterlife (seventy virgins).

This exploration of historical battles and the influence of mind-altering substances on military actions highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of the factors that drive the behavior of soldiers in such circumstances. It underscores the importance of considering cultural, societal, and psychological factors in warfare, rather than relying solely on tactical or logistical explanations.

Understanding these factors can provide valuable insights into the decision-making processes of both enemies and allies, and can inform strategies for future conflicts.