The Evolution of Manipur's Name: From Kangleipak to Kangla and Beyond

The name of the kingdom of Manipur has undergone significant transformations over the centuries, reflecting its interaction with various cultural and political influences. From its initial designation as Kangleipak to the later establishment of Kangla, a detailed exploration reveals the nuances behind these changes.

The Mythological Origins and Early Name: Kangleipak

The historical roots of the name Manipur can be traced back to the Mangang dynasty, where the ruling princes were known as Pakhangba. According to mythology, Pakhangba, who reigned in the 4th century BC, established the kingdom and was given the name Mangang. Over time, the kingdom was referred to as Kangleipak, a name that has its roots in ancient myths and legends.

Kanglei and the Transformation to Kangla

Kanglei, a derivative of Kangleipak, is the modified form from which the modern name Kangla originates. Kangla is the ancient capital of Manipur and is still used today as a reference to the kingdom.

Other Names and Renominations

The name of the kingdom was not always consistent. Historically, Manipur was known by different names to its neighboring regions.

Shan or Pong called the area Cassay, while the Burmese referred to it as Kathe. The Assamese called it Meklee. During the treaty signed between the British East India Company and Meidingu Chingthangkhomba in 1762, the kingdom was recorded as Meckley. Around this time, princes like Bhagyachandra issued coins with the title Manipureshwar or lord of Manipur, abandoning the name Meckley in favor of the newer title.

The Process of Sanskritisation and Modern Influence

The Sanskritisation of Manipur's name was a significant cultural shift. The Dharani Samhita, a Sanskrit text written between 1825 and 1834, popularized the stories of the origin of the name Manipur. This text helped in rebranding the kingdom's name, aligning it more closely with India's rich Sanskrit cultural heritage.

Conclusion

The evolution of Manipur's name from Kangleipak to Kangla is a reflection of the kingdom's constant engagement with external influences, both in terms of culture and administration. This journey through different monikers highlights the diverse identities and the rich historical tapestry of Manipur.

Related Keywords

- Manipur

- Kangleipak

- Kangla

Further Reading

Explore more about the history of Manipur and its growing influence in the Indian subcontinent. For detailed information, visit the following resources:

History of Manipur Symbols and Identity of Manipur