The Evolution of ‘King’s English’: From Monarchy to Modern Usage

Origins of the Term ‘King’s English’

The term ‘King’s English’ has a rich and complex history, deeply rooted in the linguistic traditions of English-speaking nations, particularly the United Kingdom. Its origins trace back to the late 16th century and are closely connected with the reign of English monarchs, specifically King James I (1566–1625).

1. Historical Connection to Monarchy

The term emerged in England where the monarch’s speech was often seen as a model of propriety and correctness in language. King James I, in particular, set a standard for language use with his commissioning of the King James Bible in 1611. This translation became a linguistic benchmark, influencing English usage and standardization. The phrase ‘King’s English’ originally denoted the standard form of English under the care of the King, hence its moniker.

First Recorded Use

The earliest known use of the term can be traced back to 1553, the year when Queen Mary succeeded Edward VI. The quote, “These fine English clerks will say they speak in their mother tongue if a man should charge them for counterfeiting the King’s English,” appears in Thomas Wilson’s Arte of Rhetorique. This text highlights the evolving nature of language use and the role of the monarch in standardizing it.

Gender Shift

When the monarch is a queen, the term shifts to ‘Queen’s English.’ The counterpart to ‘King’s English’ appeared in 1592 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, as evidenced in Thomas Nashe’s Strange Newes where he writes, “He must be running on the letter and abusing the Queen’s English without pity or mercy.”

Cultural Implications

The use of the term extends far beyond the literal meaning of a king or queen’s direct speech. It has cultural implications, often associated with proper and formal English. Today, the phrase is somewhat old-fashioned but still used to describe correct English, often with a touch of irony or humor.

2. Modern Usage

In contemporary contexts, ‘King’s English’ is used to denote the standard form of the English language, as defined by the conventions of educated English speakers. While it carries an air of tradition and formality, it is recognized that language continually evolves. Therefore, while ‘King’s English’ can still be a benchmark, the modern usage of the term is often nuanced and flexible.

References to Modern Usage

For example, H.W. Fowler, a renowned British author and editor, discusses the term in his influential work, The King’s English. This book is not just a dictionary but a comprehensive guide to English usage and grammar. Unlike a traditional dictionary, it features longer articles on more general topics such as vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation, making extensive use of examples from various sources. Fowler’s work stands as a testament to the ongoing evolution of the English language under the guardianship of the monarchs.

The King’s English: A Book on English Usage

About the Book

The King’s English is a book on English usage and grammar. It is less like a dictionary and more a guide to broader linguistic topics. This book consists of longer articles on more general subjects such as vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation, and it draws heavily on examples from various sources throughout. The work, originally appearing in 1906 and later revised, has become a standard reference for anyone interested in the nuances of English language.

Historical Examples and Linguistic Evolution

Some sites claim that the term ‘King’s English’ originated with King James I, but a closer look at historical texts reveals earlier usage. For instance, William Shakespeare used the phrase in 1597 in his play Henry IV, Part 1, where Sir John Falstaff says, “I am one from the country that speaks good King’s English.” This shows that the term was not as exclusive as it might seem, with broader use and acceptance by the time of Shakespeare’s plays.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the term ‘King’s English’ has a long and evolving history. It reflects the transformation of language within the context of monarchy, provides a linguistic standard, and continues to be used in modern times, often with a touch of irony or humor. The phrase is a reminder of how language is influenced and standardized by those in power, yet it also demonstrates the flexibility and adaptability of the English language over centuries.

References

- Wilson, T. (1553). Arte of Rhetorique - Shakespeare, W. (1597). Henry IV, Part 1 - Nashe, T. (1592). Strange Newes - Fowler, H.W. (1906). The King’s English