The Evolution and Significance of Sauron's Names in Tolkien’s Works

Tolkien’s creative genius is deeply reflected in the complex character of Sauron, the terrifying dark lord in The Lord of the Rings. As we explore the names Sauron used, it is fascinating to see how these names reflect the different stages of his character and how they evolve over the course of the story. Understanding the significance of the names Mairon and Sauron, as well as other names he used, provides insight into the maia's transformation from an innocent to a malevolent force.

The Origin of Mairon

Originally known as Mairon, this name signifies his former nature before he embraced his dark path. Mairon, a name derived from Elvish, actually means 'admirable' or 'excellent', reflecting the qualities he once possessed. Sauron’s preference for Mairon signifies a deliberate choice to invoke his past greatness, which he likely used as a tool to manipulate and deceive others. By using his original name, Sauron could potentially influence perceptions and exploit the memories of his noble past.

Tar-Mairon in Numenor

According to Tolkien’s notes, we find another name Sauron went by in Numenor, which was Tar-Mairon. This name is a title meaning 'Admirable King', further highlighting his former noble nature. However, the book The Two Towers provides some ambiguity regarding when Sauron started using the name Sauron. In the chapter “The Departure of Boromir,” Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas discuss the gear of four large orcs, mentioning the name Sauron. The fact that Mairon is not referred to suggests that Sauron used his original name until after the Downfall of Numenor, likely into his earlier days of darkness.

The Name Sauron: A Tool for Manipulation and Decline

While Mairon was used to invoke his earlier self, Sauron himself named himself as a darker, more nefarious figure. The name Sauron signifies his dark nature and the fear it instills. Unlike Mairon, Sauron did not use his right name and did not permit it to be spelt or spoken. When speaking as a trusted lieutenant of Barad-d?r, such as the Mouth of Sauron, the use of Sauron's name would be a clear act of defiance or confidence, suggesting that Sauron kept his original name for select purposes, primarily to manipulate his followers and enemies alike.

Other Names and Titles of Sauron

Sauron used a variety of names and titles, often giving himself names that were both flattering and deceptively sinister. He called himself Tar-Mairon, Admirable King, and Annatar, Lord of Gifts, and Aulendil, Devotee of Aul, and Artano, High Smith. In Númenor, he was known as Z?gratiên (Wizard) and was sometimes referred to as Gorthaur, Terrible Dread. Among these, the name Tevildo, Prince of Cats, and Th#xb7; in Tolkien’s earlier writings, eventually evolved into Sauron, showcasing his evolving identity from a trusted advisor to a feared lord of darkness.

Conclusion

The names that Sauron used offer intriguing insights into his evolution from a humble maia to the dark lord that commands fear throughout Middle-earth. Understanding these names provides a deeper understanding of his character and the complex narrative of The Lord of the Rings. From Mairon to Tar-Mairon and finally to Sauron, his names reflect his journey from nobility to tyranny, serving as a powerful tool in his eternal quest for dominance and control.