The Enigma of Orcs Under Isengard in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth

The question of why there are orcs under Isengard in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth has long puzzled many readers and fans of his works. This article delves into the various theories and motivations behind Saruman's breeding of orcs and the strategic significance of Isengard in the story.

Background

Saruman’s Ambition

It all began with Saruman, initially the leader of the wizards, the Istari, sent to aid in the fight against Sauron. However, as the narrative unfolds, Saruman's ambitions take a darker turn. Haunted by envy of Sauron's power, Saruman seeks to rival him, believing that he can become a force comparable to the Dark Lord if he can build up his own army.

The Creation of Uruk-hai

Motivated by this ambition, Saruman turns to sinister means. He breeds a new race of orcs called the Uruk-hai, who are larger, stronger, and more resilient than typical orcs. These orcs serve as a formidable army for Saruman's control over Isengard and the surrounding lands. The corrupted environment and the ancient fortress of Isengard become the breeding grounds for these orcs as well as the ancient stronghold of Orthanc.

Strategic Location

Isengard stands as a strategic stronghold, offering Saruman control over the surrounding areas and the ability to launch attacks against Rohan and ultimately against the Free Peoples of Middle-earth. The location’s strategic advantage is complemented by Saruman’s use of dark sorcery and industrial activities, which further corrupt the land and create an ideal environment for the Uruk-hai.

Corruption of the Land

Saruman's industrial activities, including deforestation and the use of dark sorcery, create a breeding ground for his orcish minions. The orcs live in the deep caverns and tunnels beneath Isengard, where they are trained and prepared for war. Elaborate systems of underground infrastructure, such as damming the River Isen, further support this breeding ground and provide covert routes for these orcs to move and attack.

Theories Surrounding the Orcs’ Presence

While the narrative provides a clear explanation for Saruman's orc army, there are various theories regarding the orcs under Isengard.

Recruit Rebellious Tribes

One theory suggests that Saruman used his persuasive powers to recruit rebellious or orc tribes from the Misty Mountains. He may have converted some of Sauron's orcs to his side, creating a vast and formidable force for his own ends.

Allying with Sauron

Another theory posits that Saruman started using orcs after his alliance with Sauron. Short on men, he turned to orcs, particularly the ursuks from Mordor, and fed them human flesh to build up an army of the largest and most powerful orcs.

Greed and Evil Plans

Saruman’s ambitions didn't stop at just creating an army. He was also secretly coveting the One Ring, hoping to become the new dark power of Middle-earth. This desire led him to use a palantir, a crystal ball that could be used for divination, leading to his eventual corruption and evil alignment.

Furthermore, Saruman’s industrial activities, including deforestation and the damming of the River Isen, created a series of deep subterranean caverns beneath the Forests of Isengard. These caverns provided the perfect breeding ground for the orcs and served as a hidden and secure location for their training and deployment.

The Dark Forces of Saruman

Their presence under Isengard is a hallmark of evil, reminiscent of the legends of trolls turning to stone at night and the ancient darkness plaguing Middle-earth. The caverns beneath Isengard served as a secret breeding ground, where Saruman could maintain his control over the orcs and plan his attacks.

However, all was not well in Saruman’s new home. As his industries grew and his military expertise increased, he attracted the attention of the Ents: the ancient shepherds of the forest. These ancient trees, with Treebeard being the oldest, viewed Saruman as a threat and moved to protect their domain. The ensuing battle between the Ents and Saruman saw the orcs trapped in flooded underground pits, effectively sealing their fate.

The story of Isengard is a stark reminder of the corrupting influence of power and the dangers of dabbling with dark magic. Saruman's greedy and ambitious desire for power ultimately led to his downfall, as he became a pawn in the greater game of Middle-earth.

Through Saruman’s actions and the presence of the orcs under Isengard, J.R.R. Tolkien weaves a complex narrative that explores the themes of power, corruption, and the consequences of hubris.