The Complex Relationship Between Denethor and Gandalf in 'The Return of the King'

Denethor, the Steward of Gondor, and Gandalf, the powerful wizard, have a tumultuous relationship in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Return of the King. This article explores the reasons behind their frequent conflicts, focusing on Denethor's distrust and jealousy towards Gandalf.

The Core of the Conflict: Denethor's Authority and Power

Denethor, a proud and intelligent Steward, is very concerned about losing his authority and power over Gondor. He resents the idea of ceding power to Aragorn, who he believes is supported by Gandalf. Denethor believes that Gandalf’s support of Aragorn would weaken his own position as Steward. This is largely due to his suspicion that Gandalf is trying to usurp him by placing his puppet, Aragorn, in a position of power.

Historical Prejudices and Suspicion

Denethor’s suspicion and distrust of Gandalf stem from historical prejudices. He is one of the few mortal characters in Middle-earth who is older than Aragorn and remembers when a young Aragorn arrived in Gondor, bringing fame and popularity. Denethor suspected a connection between Gandalf (Mithrandir) and Aragorn (Thorongil) and believed that this connection was part of Gandalf’s plan to diminish his power. He sees Aragorn as a threat to his authority and feels that Gandalf is working behind the scenes to undermine him.

Morbid Curiosity and Traps of the Palantír

Denethor’s distrust of Gandalf is not merely based on suspicion. He actively seeks information from outside sources, specifically the Palantír, which eventually leads to his ultimate downfall. Initially, Denethor uses the Palantír to gain deeper insights into the world. However, Sauron’s influence corrupts and manipulates his perceptions, leading him to false despair and madness. The temptation to learn about the future is understandable, but Denethor’s actions inadvertently facilitate Sauron’s control and eventually his own downfall.

Denethor's Complex Personality

Denethor is a complex character, filled with both pride and deep-seated insecurities. He is a proud man who believes he is as good as a king, which fires his ambitions and fuels his jealousy. His relationship with Gandalf is marked by a mix of respect and resentment. Despite their frequent meetings and discussions, Denethor is suspicious of Gandalf’s intentions and often reacts with bitterness.

Jealousy and Favoritism

Denethor's son Boromir is his favored child, and he feels even more threatened by the relationship between Gandalf and Faramir, who is seen by Denethor as a possible rival. Denethor’s favoritism towards Boromir and his belief that Faramir is a potential spy contribute to his heightened state of suspicion. The bond between Gandalf and Faramir, as learned scholars, also adds to Denethor’s feelings of resentment and perceived betrayal.

Key Moments in the Conflict

The relationship between Denethor and Gandalf reaches its climax during the aftermath of Boromir's death and Faramir's injury. Denethor, driven by grief and fear, accuses Gandalf of trying to unseat him from his position of power. This final confrontation reveals Denethor’s deepest fears and his struggle with accepting the fate that has been decided by destiny and the will of the Valar.

Conclusion

The complex relationship between Denethor and Gandalf in 'The Return of the King' is a prevailing theme that highlights themes of power, jealousy, and the consequences of distrust. Denethor's actions and beliefs ultimately lead to his tragic end, serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of suspicion and the importance of trust in leadership.