The Art of Film Editing: How Cuts Were Made in Black and White Movies

When we think of the early days of cinema, particularly black and white movies, we often imagine the manual and meticulous processes involved in editing these films. In this article, we will explore the various methods used in the past to make cuts and edits in these classic movies, including the techniques and tools used.

Early Methods of Film Splicing

In the early days of cinema, most films were shot on film and then edited on the physical medium itself. This was a labor-intensive process that required the use of a film splicer. A film splicer is a jig—a type of platform—designed to hold the film in a precise and accurate position for cutting and splicing.

The film splicer is used to cut the film into pieces at the desired splice points. Each end of the film is held square to a cutting device, resulting in clean, square cuts. By aligning the film pieces with the same square arrangement, the film editor can easily attach the pieces back together. The simplest method is a butt splice, which uses a very thin, strong tape, often clear mylar. For more sophisticated techniques, film cement can be used to avoid the compromises of using tape, though this requires a high level of skill.

The Process of Splicing

Splicing film involves several steps and tools. Film editors would take two pieces of film with sprocket holes and align them. Special tape designed with sprocket holes already cut in it was costly but provided a more precise cut and splice. For those on a budget, a film splicer could be used to cut the holes in the tape with precision, aligning them with the sprocket holes of the film pieces.

However, this process was laborious and time-consuming. With the advent of powerful computers in the late 1990s, fewer and fewer film editors were needed. Today, while digital editing tools are prevalent, there are still a few individuals who use physical film splicers for their work, particularly in the realms of independent filmmaking and archival restoration.

Hot Splicing: A Contemporary Technique

For those who require a more precise and seamless join, a hot splice method was developed. In this technique, the film is prepared in a hot splicer. Each end of the film is shaved precisely so that two film pieces can neatly join at a frame line. The pieces are then welded together with splicing cement and a bit of heat, creating a nearly invisible splice.

While film splicing has largely been replaced by digital editing, the process and techniques are still fascinating and useful for restoration and archival work. There are numerous YouTube videos available that demonstrate the three methods of splicing film, ranging from the simple butt splice to the more complex hot splicing method.

In conclusion, the art of film editing, particularly in the context of black and white movies, involves a myriad of techniques and tools. The film splicer, both as a tool and a symbol of the past, remains a significant part of film history and is still appreciated by many in the filmmaking community.