The Aristotelian Perspective on the Upside Down Cross: A Historical and Theological Analysis

The upside-down cross has often been associated with Satanism, leading to numerous misunderstandings and superstitions. This article delves into the historical and theological roots of such beliefs, with a focus on the Aristotelian theory of the soul and substance (eidos).

Introduction to the Aristotelian Understanding of Souls and Substance

In contrast to Plato's belief that the soul and forms (eidos) are distinct from matter and physical bodies, Aristotle posited that these eidos embody the purpose of physical objects. For example, the eye's purpose is to see, the knife's is to cut, and the chair's is to sit on. These purposes represent the essence or spirit of the objects.

The Upside-Down Cross: Symbolism and Perversion

According to Aristotelian theory, perverting an object's purpose is considered a form of perversion. Applying this to the cross, using it in any way that is not in line with its intended purpose (which is to be placed upright) is seen as a desecration. An upside-down cross is therefore considered to be a perverted version of the original cross, as it does not fulfill its intended function.

The Case of St. Peter's Cross

It is true that in certain instances, crosses placed upside down are associated with St. Peter. However, this does not mean that these crosses themselves are inherently satanic or perverted. The crosses seen in horror movies, which are typically placed upside down, are often a symbolic representation of a supposed and fearful inversion, rather than an actual invocation of religious significance.

The Role of Purpose in Crosses

In the same vein, speaking or writing in reverse is also considered a perversion. The words, when intended for a specific purpose, lose their proper meaning if they are mispronounced or misused. Similarly, a cross meant for religious and spiritual purposes loses its literal and symbolic significance if it is turned upside down, undermining its intended purpose and spirit.

Medieval Perceptions and Superstitions

In Medieval times, there were superstitions that associated upside-down crosses with bad luck. The bread, when placed upside down, was said to bring misfortune, further emphasizing the idea of perverting an object's true nature. Such beliefs were rooted in the Aristotelian understanding that objects have a specific purpose and that deviating from this purpose is a form of desecration.

Conclusion: Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the Catholic Church's teachings are deeply influenced by Aristotelian philosophy. For instance, the Scholastic method, which forms the basis of much of Catholic theology, is rooted in Aristotelian thought. The concept of transubstantiation, where the wine and bread during Communion are believed to change into the literal blood and flesh of Christ, also relies on Aristotelian principles of substance and form.

However, it should be noted that Aristotle's view of the soul and substance is not the same as Plato's. According to Plato, the form or eidos is separate from matter, whereas for Aristotle, the form is inherent within the substance. This difference in philosophical stance means that while Aristotle would consider perverting an object's purpose as a form of perversion, Plato might see it as less significant.

Understanding these concepts provides a deeper insight into the reasons behind the persisting belief in the satanic nature of the upside-down cross. It is crucial to approach such beliefs with a critical and thoughtful mindset, recognizing the historical and philosophical foundations that underpin them.