Teaching American History Through Classic Hollywood Films

When teaching high school American history, incorporating classic Hollywood films can be a powerful tool to engage students and provide a unique perspective on historical events. While some movies may be controversial due to their historical inaccuracies or problematic portrayals, others can serve as a valuable lens through which to understand the complexities of American history.

Among the classic Hollywood films I would consider showing, Last of the Mohicans, The Patriot, Drums Along the Mohawk, Abe Lincoln in Illinois, Gettysburg, Cheyenne Autumn, Rough Riders, and Sgt. York stand out as particularly fitting. Each film offers a unique glimpse into different periods and aspects of American history, making them invaluable educational tools.

Key Films and Their Historical Context

Last of the Mohicans (1992)

"Last of the Mohicans" is a prime example of a film that captures the dawning of a separate American identity. Set during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the film delves into the complex relationship between the British and the Native Americans. A pivotal moment arrives during a pivotal dialogue where a British officer challenges a character named Hawkeye, a white man raised by the Mohicans, to declare his loyalty. Hawkeye’s response, “I don’t call myself subject to much at all,” highlights the growing crevasse between the European settlers and the Native American tribes.

These characters navigate a world where identities are shifting, and a sense of national identity is just beginning to emerge. This film can serve as a starting point for discussions on the early fight for independence and the nation's quest for self-determination.

The Struggle of the American Revolution

The Patriot (2000) and Drums Along the Mohawk (1942)

The Patriot and Drums Along the Mohawk both shed light on the American Revolution. The Patriot follows the life of a colonial American lawyer who becomes a leading figure in the revolutionary movement after his family is killed by British and Loyalist troops. The film captures the tumultuous years of the war and the personal sacrifices made in its pursuit. Drums Along the Mohawk takes a more domestic perspective, focusing on the lives of a family in upstate New York during the early days of the Revolution. Both films depict the social and political upheaval that characterized the American fight for independence.

These films offer a robust window into the struggle for freedom and the sacrifices of early American patriots. They can be used to discuss themes such as the rights of citizens, the role of individual actions in historical events, and the formation of a nation.

The Vision of Lincoln

Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940)

Abe Lincoln in Illinois offers a glimpse into the future President of the United States, providing insight into his early years and the development of his political views. The film chronicles Lincoln's journey from a humble backwoods lawyer to a state legislator, highlighting his commitment to fairness and his early opposition to slavery. This film can be used to illustrate the development of American political philosophy and the ideals that shaped a future president who would play a pivotal role in the nation's future.

The Civil War and Beyond

Gettysburg (1993)

Gettysburg is widely regarded as one of the finest Civil War films, offering an in-depth look at one of the most significant battles in American history. The film captures the brutal reality of the war, the personal sacrifices of the soldiers, and the larger historical context of the conflict. It provides a vivid portrayal of the Civil War's impact on the nation and the lives it touched. Students can be encouraged to reflect on the significance of the Gettysburg Address, the moral and ethical dimensions of the war, and the long-term consequences of this pivotal battle.

The Treatment of Native Americans

Cheyenne Autumn (1964)

Cheyenne Autumn highlights the abusive treatment of Native Americans at the hands of the U.S. government. Set in 1870, the film follows a group of Native Americans as they attempt to return to their ancestral lands, which were illegally seized by the U.S. military. This film serves as a stark reminder of the policies of forced relocation and assimilation, and the forced displacement of Native Americans. It can be used to discuss issues of sovereignty and the ongoing struggle for justice and rights by Native Americans.

The film also touches on the themes of resilience and determination, as the Cheyenne people fight to preserve their way of life and cultural heritage. It can serve as a starting point for discussions on the historical treatment of Native Americans and the legal and social policies that affected their lives.

Emergence on the World Stage

Rough Riders (2000) and Sgt. York (1941)

Rough Riders tells the story of Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders, who played a pivotal role in the Spanish-American War (1898). This film offers a fascinating look at America's emergence on the world stage and the ideals of Manifest Destiny. The character of Roosevelt, a future President, serves as a symbol of national pride and the spirit of adventure that defined the era. It can be used to discuss themes such as imperialism, civil liberties, and the growth of the U.S. as a world power.

Sgt. York (1941), on the other hand, focuses on a common solider, Alvin York, who becomes a hero during World War I (1914-1918) and later a conscientious objector during World War II. This film showcases the personal struggles and moral dilemmas faced by soldiers during these conflicts. It can be used to explore the nature of heroism, the impact of war on individuals, and the significance of individual actions in shaping national history.

Conclusion

Incorporating classic Hollywood films into a high school American history class can provide students with a more nuanced and engaging understanding of the nation's past. Each of the films mentioned offers unique insights into different periods and aspects of American history, from the early fight for independence to the struggles of the Civil War, the treatment of Native Americans, and the emergence of the United States as a world power. By using these films effectively, teachers can foster critical thinking and spark meaningful discussions, ultimately enriching the learning experience.