Saruman’s Realization: Power Diminishment and Moral Decline in Middle-earth

The complex character of Saruman in The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien is marked by a gradual realization of his diminished power and influence. This realization is multi-faceted, involving both external and internal factors. Initially, Saruman sees himself as the most powerful of the Istari, but his ambition and desire for power lead him to betray his original purpose and align with Sauron.

Initial Beliefs and Betrayal

As the head of the Order of Wizards and a member of the White Council, Saruman is portrayed as the most powerful of the Istari (Wisdom-bearers or Saurunas in Quenya). However, his unchecked ambition and pursuit of power lead him to betray his allies and the greater good of Middle-earth. After the One Ring is found, Saruman’s betrayal is complete, and his true allegiance to Sauron is laid bare.

The Role of Gandalf the White

Gandalf the White’s return is a pivotal moment in Saruman’s journey. In the aftermath of Gandalf’s return, Saruman faces a critical loss of power and influence. The events at the Tower of Orthanc, specifically, are a turning point in his character arc. Gandalf, having returned to Middle-earth as a more powerful entity, publicly brings Saruman low, rendering him powerless.

Understanding Power and Influence

It is essential to consider how we determine a wizard's power in Middle-earth. Maia, the wizards, are of lesser power compared to the Valar. Their abilities and powers vary widely, influenced by their roles and individual strengths. The colors of the Istari, such as Saruman the White and Gandalf the Grey, do not indicate a hierarchy of power but rather serve to define their roles and purposes.

Saruman the White, originally a powerful opponent to Sauron, failed in his duties and thus lost his standing as the leader of the Wizards. On the other hand, Gandalf the Grey was a messenger and unifier, playing a crucial but different role. Radagast the Brown, for example, focused on protecting nature, while the Blue wizards had specific tasks of their own.

Saruman’s Fate and Realization

Saruman's stripping of power does not stem from Gandalf's superior strength but from his own failure to adhere to the Order’s leadership responsibilities. Gandalf is not more powerful per se, but rather, he is the successor chosen to ensure that the role of direct opposition to Sauron is fulfilled. This cultural shift becomes a reality without an explicit "upgrade" of limited methodologies, such as displaying greater physical prowess or magical abilities.

When Gandalf confronts Saruman at the Tower of Orthanc, it is clear that Saruman had underestimated Gandalf’s strength. The breaking of Saruman’s staff and his declaration of being cast out were shocking revelations. Saruman had no legitimate basis to believe that Gandalf had suddenly become more powerful, as the power dynamics among the Istari were never meant to function in a strict hierarchy.

Conclusion

Saruman's realization is a gradual process influenced by external events but deeply rooted in his own moral and ethical decline. His actions, particularly his betrayal, led to his isolation and loss of status among the Wizards. The evidence strongly suggests that the diminished power and isolation experienced by Saruman are not merely a result of external actions but also a reflection of his own fall from grace.