What Did Russia Take from the Ottoman Empire?

The influence and territorial claims Russia made from the Ottoman Empire were extensive and significant. The concept of what lands were once part of the Ottoman Empire is varied and complex, leading to a substantial reconfiguration of borderlines and territories over time.

First and foremost, Southern Russia played a crucial role. This region included areas such as the Azov Sea coast and the Krasnodar district. These territories were strategically important for Russia, providing both a buffer zone and access to the Black Sea.

The Northern Caucasus

The annexation of the Northern Caucasus is another key aspect. Russia's control over this region provided it with valuable strategic footholds and resources. The mountainous terrain allowed for significant military advantages, enabling Russia to exert influence over a wide area.

Key Territories Claimed and Occupied by Russia

Besides the Southern and Northern regions, Russia expanded its territory by taking Crimea, Jedinaz, Moldova, Western Georgia, and parts of historical Armenia from the Ottoman Empire. These acquisitions came through a combination of warfare and treaties, marking a significant shift in the balance of power in Eastern Europe.

Crimea: After the Russo-Turkish wars of the 18th and 19th centuries, Crimea became a key strategic location under Russian control. The Sack of Azov in 1696 marked the beginning of Russia's interest in the region, leading to the Treaty of Kü?ük Kaynarca in 1774, which formally ceded the region to Russia. Jedinaz: Jedinaz was an important naval base for the Ottoman Empire, but Russia managed to take control of it, albeit temporarily. This region's control switched hands several times during the numerous conflicts between the two empires. Moldova: Moldova was a key region in Eastern Europe, and its control shifted between the Ottomans and Russia. The Treaty of Bucharest in 1812 finally settled the matter, ceding much of Moldova to Russia. Western Georgia: This region saw intense warfare as both the Ottoman Empire and Russia vied for control. Western Georgia became an official protectorate of Russia in 1801, effectively ending its status as an Ottoman territory. Parts of Historical Armenia: Armenia was a mix of territories under both the Ottoman and Russian Empires. The Treaty of Tunzac in 1829 formally ceded some parts of modern-day Armenian territory to Russia, marking the end of the Armenian presence within the Ottoman Empire in these areas.

Occupied Territories and Governance

In addition to the territories taken through military conquest, Russia also briefly held Romania, Bulgaria, several Greek islands, and Lebanon. These areas were occupied during various conflicts and negotiations, reflecting the complex political landscape of the time.

However, despite Russia's significant expansions and control of these territories, the war did not go as planned. Despite their best efforts and a combined front, Russia and the Ottoman Empire were unable to secure a decisive victory. The resulting peace treaty was largely seen as a middle finger to both superpowers, creating a buffer state in the Caucasus region, which disturbed Russia particularly.

Conclusion

The consequences of these territorial claims and expansions were profound, shaping the geopolitical landscape of the region for centuries to come. The Treaty of Adrianople (or San Stefano) of 1878 and the Treaty of Berlin (1878) further solidified Russia's influence in the Caucasus, setting the stage for future conflicts and competitions for influence.

The history of these territorial changes is a vital subject for anyone interested in Eastern European and Middle Eastern history. Understanding these complex interactions provides insight into the dynamics of power and influence in the region.

Keywords: Russia, Ottoman Empire, Crimea, Caucasus, Moldova

References:
1. Treaty of Bucharest (1812)
2. Treaty of Tunzac (1829)
3. Treaty of Adrianople (1878)