Introduction

The question of why we consistently refer to God as 'he' in religious texts presents a significant challenge in modern discussions of religion. This article delves into the historical, societal, and linguistic reasons behind this practice, exploring how gendered perceptions of divine figures reflect broader societal and cultural biases.

The Influence of Early Texts

The Bible and the Reference to God with Male Pronouns:

Many of the most prominent religious texts, such as the Bible, have traditionally referred to the divine beings with male pronouns. Genesis 1:26, for example, mentions 'And God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness," and thus set the stage for the consistent use of 'He' referring to God. This practice is rooted in the historical context of these texts being written by men, whose cultural and societal norms were often deeply gendered.

Historical Context and Gender Roles:

It is important to consider the societal norms of these times. Women's primary roles in ancient societies were limited to reproduction and domestic duties. This lack of access to power and leadership roles contributed to the portrayal of God as a male figure with masculine attributes. The reasoning behind this was simple: a male figure was seen as more capable of leadership and authority, a quality attributed to God as the ultimate authority and creator.

Misogyny and the Divine Image:

Misogyny in Early Writings:

The prevailing attitudes of misogyny can be seen in the writings that formed the basis of many religious practices. The view that women lacked the inherent ability to be leaders or have authority over others significantly influenced the characterization of divine figures. This attitude not only permeated the early religious texts but also informed the beliefs and practices of the communities that these texts later influenced.

The Controversy and Modern Perspectives

Contemporaneous Criticism and Gendered Perceptions:

Contemporary scholars and religious leaders often challenge the consistency of gendered depictions of the divine. The use of male pronouns can be seen as perpetuating outdated stereotypes and may alienate or exclude followers who do not adhere to these gendered norms.

Alternative Interpretations and Linguistic Evolution:

Efforts to overcome these issues include revising and reinterpreting texts, and the use of gender-neutral or plural pronouns in contemporary religious writing. The translation of religious texts into modern languages often reflects the changing linguistic landscape and societal norms.

Broader Impact and Societal Implications

Reflection on Prehistoric Misogyny:

The practice of referring to God with male pronouns can also be seen as a reflection of prehistoric cultural norms. The predominance of male roles in societal and spiritual leadership may stem from a simpler prehistoric world where the hunt was a primary source of sustenance, and women's roles were predominantly domestic.

Evolution of Gendered Concepts:

As societies have evolved, so too have gender roles and perceptions of leadership. The modern tendency to seek gender-neutral or inclusive language in religious texts reflects a broader societal move towards greater equality and inclusivity.

Conclusion

The consistent use of male pronouns for the divine figure in religious texts is a complex issue rooted in historical, societal, and linguistic contexts. While these traditions have historically reinforced gendered perceptions and biases, the emergence of alternative interpretations and evolving societal norms offer hope for more inclusive and egalitarian representations of the divine. As religion continues to evolve, it is crucial to critically examine and question traditional practices, seeking to create spaces that reflect the diversity and inclusion of modern societies.

Keyword: God, gender perception, religious texts, divine pronouns, misogyny