Proper Washing Techniques for Firefighter Turnout Gear: A Comprehensive Guide

Firefighters rely on their protective equipment, including turnout gear, to ensure their safety and ability to perform their duties effectively. Keeping this equipment clean and in good condition is crucial for both the firefighter's safety and the efficacy of their work. In this article, we will discuss the proper washing techniques for firefighter turnout gear, ensuring that it remains safe and functional for extended use.

Introduction to Turnout Gear

Firefighter turnout gear is a composite of multiple layers designed to protect firefighters from the extreme heat, chemicals, and other hazards they may encounter during a fire. It is made of both outer and inner layers, each serving a specific purpose in the overall protection system.

Basic Care and Maintenance

Dry Brushing and Spray Rinsing

For routine maintenance, fire departments recommend a first-line approach of dry brushing and spray rinsing after each use, especially when the turnout gear has been exposed to fireground contaminants. This simple method helps remove surface dirt and debris, ensuring that the gear stays clean and safe to use. However, it is imperative to note that wet gear should never be stored or worn when exposed to high temperatures, as the hazards of burns and other injuries are significant.

Label Instructions and Washing Guidelines

Respecting the manufacturer's instructions is paramount. These instructions, typically found on the labels within the garments, detail what detergents to use and what to avoid, such as bleaching agents. It is essential to handle the gear with care, ensuring that it is properly treated to maintain its protective qualities.

Proper Washing Process

Using an Industrial Washer and Dryer

For a thorough cleaning, it is recommended to use an industrial-grade washing machine. These machines are capable of handling the tougher cleaning needs without damaging the gear. Additionally, they help prevent the transfer of contaminants to family clothing that could be present in a home washer.

The process involves separating the outer and inner layers of the turnout gear before washing. This separation allows for a more effective cleaning and drying process. If the gear is extremely soiled after a fire call, it is common to hosing it down and scrubbing it with soap while still in the protective garment. Following this initial cleaning, the gear is then removed and bagged for further cleaning in the industrial machine.

It is important to note that a front loading washer is preferred over a top loader, as front loaders tend to be gentler on the fabric and more effective in removing dirt and contaminants.

Machine Washing Process

For cleaning gear with severe contamination, such as contact with petroleum-based products, regular detergent from a home washer is not suitable. Specific detergents designed for heavy soiling and fire gear cleaning are recommended. The gear should be placed in the industrial washer with water that is not too hot to prevent damaging the protective materials.

After washing, the gear should be air-dried properly, but if quick drying is necessary, industrial dryers can be used. However, direct sunlight should be avoided as it can cause the material to weaken over time.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The proper maintenance of firefighter turnout gear is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the firefighters. By adhering to the recommended washing techniques, such as dry brushing, spray rinsing, and industrial washing, these garments can be kept in optimal condition. It is also recommended that organizations refer to the NFPA 1851 Standard for a complete set of guidelines.

Additional Resources

For more detailed information and specific cleaning recommendations, it is advisable to consult the NFPA 1851 Standard, which provides comprehensive guidelines for the cleaning, maintenance, and care of protective clothing for firefighters. Additionally, many fire departments offer resources and support for proper maintenance practices.