How Can We Study History Without Bias?

Historical study is a profound pursuit that seeks to understand the past events and forces that shaped humanity. However, the field is fraught with challenges, one of the most significant being the presence of bias. Human beings are inherently biased, influenced by their own experiences, prejudices, and cultural contexts. This article explores how we can overcome these biases in our approach to history.

Understanding Our Own Biases

One of the first steps in studying history objectively is to acknowledge that everyone carries biases. This can be a challenging realization, especially when we are deeply invested in our own narratives.

For example, students of history often rely heavily on textbooks. However, it is important to remember that the people who write these textbooks are human, and thus, they can be influenced by their own biases. This means that learning to recognize and account for these biases is crucial.

Many students wonder why they should care about bias in historical studies if they are merely seeking knowledge. However, understanding bias is key to developing a nuanced and accurate view of the past. Without awareness of these biases, our conclusions can be erroneous and our understanding of historical events can be distorted.

Approaching History Objectively

Is it possible to study history without having any feelings or biases? The short answer is: you can’t, and it isn’t. But it is possible to study history and write about it while taking bias into account. Here are a few steps to achieve this:

1. Recognize the Bias in Sources

The first step in studying history is to recognize that every source contains bias. It is crucial to examine these sources critically, questioning their motives, context, and potential biases.

For instance, a primary source from the 15th century may reflect the perspective of a particular political or social group, and this perspective may not align with current values. Understanding this context helps in interpreting the source accurately.

2. Analyze Your Own Biases

The next step is to scrutinize your own biases. It is important to be aware of how your preconceived notions and personal experiences may influence your interpretation of historical events.

This process can be subtle, much like the way crime solvers work to avoid bias in their investigations. You must constantly question your own assumptions and be open to changing your views based on new evidence.

3. Consider the Historical Context

Lastly, it is vital to study history within its own context. The motives and actions of people in the past may have been influenced by factors that are no longer relevant today.

For example, the murder of the Princes in the Tower by Richard III was likely seen as a necessary action in the chaotic political climate of his time. A modern interpretation might misjudge this action based on contemporary standards, but understanding the historical context can provide a more nuanced understanding.

A Personal Example: Richard III

To illustrate these points, consider the case of Richard III. For a long time, Richard III was a figure of admiration due to his administrative and martial prowess. However, this adulation was based on a lack of understanding of the historical context.

Upon closer examination, the evidence suggests that Richard III did indeed order the murder of his nephews. This is a difficult truth to accept, especially when we are invested in the narrative of a virtuous ruler.

However, by placing this event in the broader context of the political instability of his time, one can begin to understand the rationale behind his actions. The civil wars, the unstable government, and the potential for political chaos provided a compelling reason for Richard to take action.

Furthermore, the actions of Richard III can be seen as necessary to stabilize the country and bring an end to the prolonged conflict. While his decision to murder the princes was a dire and tragic one, it can be viewed as a logical and justifiable response to the situation of his time.

Understanding the context and the biases in the sources, one can arrive at a more nuanced and empathetic view of Richard III. This does not mean ignoring the atrocities he committed, but rather understanding them within the framework of his historical context.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while we may never be completely free from bias, we can take steps to minimize its impact on our historical study. By recognizing our biases, analyzing the biases in our sources, and understanding the historical context, we can develop a more objective and accurate understanding of the past.

The pursuit of objectivity in historical studies is a complex and ongoing process. However, with practice and a critical eye, we can begin to unravel the layers of bias that have shaped our understanding of history.

References:

John Rous, descriptions of Richard the man pre and post Bosworth Polydore Vergil, descriptions post Bosworth