Notorious Traitors in Maratha History: A Study

The Maratha Empire, known for its valiant resistance and military successes, was not immune to internal betrayals. These treacherous acts significantly weakened the empire, paving the way for European powers to gain control. This article delves into some of the most notorious traitors in Maratha history, focusing on their actions and the impact they had on the empire's downfall.

Baji Rao II: The Last Peshwa and a Prelude to Fall

Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, is often viewed negatively for his capitulation to the British. His betrayal during the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817 marked a profound turning point in Maratha history. Baji Rao II's decision to align with the British, despite the Maratha Empire’s long-standing resistance, led to the dissolution of Peshwa authority and the establishment of British control over India.
The Treaty of Bassein, signed in 1802, was a significant step towards the decline of Maratha power. Baji Rao II’s acceptance of British protection and military assistance ultimately compromised the sovereignty of the Maratha Empire.

Raghunath Rao: A Power Play Leads to Decline

Another prominent figure in Maratha history is Raghunath Rao, also known as Raghoba. Raghobas ambition to seize power led him to ally with the British, resulting in significant internal conflicts within the empire. This alliance weakened Maratha unity and contributed to the overall decline of the empire's military and political strength.
Raghunath Rao's collaboration with the British against other Maratha factions created instability and allowed the British to gain more influence within the empire. His actions paved the way for further betrayals and diminishments in Maratha power.

Sanyojan and the Wodeyar Destiny

Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar, a member of the Wodeyar dynasty, is another figure often labeled as a traitor. His alliance with the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War was seen as a betrayal of the Maratha cause. Wodeyar's actions undermined the Maratha alliance and contributed to the empire's vulnerability.
The Sanyojan Pact, signed in 1798, brought the Wodeyars and the British into a formal alliance. While the Wodeyars maintained nominal independence, their association with the British eventually eroded the unity and coherence of the Maratha Confederacy.

Internal Betrayals: A Longstanding Issue

The history of the Maratha Empire is replete with instances of internal betrayal. After Shivaji Maharaj's passing, the Ashtapradhan Mandal, a council of ministers, plotted to assassinate Sambhaji Maharaj. Soyarabai, Sambhaji's mother, was also part of this conspiracy. Sambhaji, in retaliation, issued a death warrant for those involved. The betrayal during the fight at Purandar Fort saw Shivaji's forces hand over 23 forts to Aurangzeb’s general, Mirzha Raje Jaisingh, a Rajput who defected to the Mughal side despite his initial allegiance to the Marathas. This defection further weakened the Maratha position. Santaji Ghorpade, a gallant general, betrayed Shivaji and joined forces with Aurangzeb. His defection cost the Marathas critical information, and he was killed while praying.
These examples reveal the extent to which internal betrayals undermined the Maratha Empire. The betrayal of these notable figures essentially handed over crucial strategic advantages to external forces, hastening the downfall of the Maratha power.

Conclusion

The Maratha Empire, once a formidable force, faced numerous internal betrayals that weakened its unity and military might. Figures like Baji Rao II, Raghunath Rao, Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar, and others played pivotal roles in these betrayals. Their actions not only weakened the empire but also facilitated the rise of external powers like the British, leading to the empire's eventual dissolution. For deeper insights into Indian history and to learn more about such critical events, we recommend visiting reputable historical resources and archives.

Thank you for your interest in this important chapter of Indian history.