Navigating School Laws and Policies in South Florida: A Comprehensive Guide

South Florida, like the rest of the state, operates under a framework of state laws, federal laws, and local school district policies that ensure a safe and educationally sound environment for its students. This guide provides an overview of key laws and policies affecting schools in South Florida, including Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and other surrounding counties.

Education Requirements and Safety Measures

In South Florida, compulsory education is in place for children aged 6 to 16, regardless of whether they are enrolled in public, private, or homeschool programs. Truancy laws are strictly enforced, with students facing penalties if they accumulate more than five unexcused absences in a month or ten unexcused absences in a 90-day period. Parents also face penalties if they fail to ensure their child attends school regularly.

To enhance school safety, Florida enacted the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act in 2018, focusing on improving campus security. All public schools must have an on-campus law enforcement officer or an armed school safety officer. Additionally, schools are required to offer mental health services, conduct active shooter drills, and provide expanded threat assessments.

Bullying and Mental Health

The state of Florida has a comprehensive anti-bullying law that requires schools to implement policies addressing bullying based on various factors, including race, gender, sexual orientation, and disability. The law also extends to cyberbullying that affects student education or well-being.

Education standards are constantly evolving. In 2020, B.E.S.T. Standards replaced the Common Core, outlining learning goals for subjects such as language arts, math, and science. Civics education, including a required civics class and U.S. Government course, is part of the curriculum. Sex education is abstinence-based, with parents having the right to opt their children out of sexual health education. Character education, focusing on values like honesty, respect, and kindness, is also a significant component.

Parental and Student Rights

The 2022 “Don’t Say Gay” law limits classroom discussions on sexual orientation and gender identity for younger students. Schools must ensure that discussions are appropriate and developmentally appropriate for students in grades 4 and above. Parents have the right to access and review educational materials and challenge classroom content.

Dress Codes and Uniform Policies

Dress codes are common in South Florida public schools, with some districts requiring school uniforms. These codes typically prohibit offensive, revealing, or inappropriate clothing. Federal law requires schools to accommodate religious and cultural attire, such as hijabs or turbans.

Discipline and Student Safety

Zero-tolerance policies are in place for violent or criminal behavior, including possession of weapons, drugs, or involvement in serious offenses. Consequences can range from suspension to expulsion and referral to law enforcement. Students who are expelled may be sent to alternative education programs.

Support for Special Needs and English Language Learners

Florida’s Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees students with disabilities access to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), with special education services and accommodations. Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 504 plans provide additional support for students with disabilities.

The Florida Tax Credit Scholarship and Family Empowerment Scholarship offer funding for low-income families to send their children to private schools, while charter schools and magnet programs provide specialized options. Vouchers are also available, giving parents more school choice.

Health and Safety Measures in Place

Given the ongoing COVID-19 situation, schools in South Florida must follow state and district policies regarding health and safety protocols, including masking, social distancing, and quarantine procedures during public health emergencies. Virtual learning options, such as Florida Virtual School (FLVS), are also available.

Florida law protects students' religious expression, allowing them to pray, participate in religious clubs, and wear religious symbols as long as it doesn't disrupt educational activities. FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) and student data privacy issues are also critical areas under which schools must comply with state and federal laws.

Extracurricular Activities and Athletic Eligibility

Eligibility for sports and extracurricular activities includes meeting academic and attendance requirements. The Transgender Athlete Law (2021) restricts participation in women's and girls' sports to athletes whose biological sex is female, a law that has faced controversy and legal challenges.

Teachers in South Florida must meet state certification requirements and participate in ongoing professional development. Teacher evaluations are tied to student performance on standardized tests, and teachers have the right to maintain a safe learning environment.

Overall, the legal and policy framework in South Florida ensures a robust education system that supports all students and addresses various aspects of their development and safety.