What Does It Mean to Finish Your Throws in Judo?

Judo, a martial art that emphasizes throwing opponents and utilizing leverage, involves a series of techniques known as techniques kumi kata. Central to these techniques is the ability to finish your throws, which refers to the final stage of executing a technique. In this article, we will explore the concept of finishing throws, the foundational drills used to master this skill, and the importance of integrating a complete technique in judo training.

The Three Phases of Standing Techniques in Judo

Any standing technique in judo comprises three primary phases:

Unbalancing (Kuzushi): The first phase involves destabilizing the opponent, often by pulling or pushing them to achieve a favorable position. Entry (Tsukuri): In the second phase, you physically move into position to execute the throw. This phase requires precision and timing. Completion (Kake): The final phase, and perhaps the most critical, is the execution of the throw. This phase involves applying force and control to complete the technique.

To refine your technique, judoka often practice through uchikomi drills, which focus on the first two phases without fully executing the throw. These drills help in developing muscle memory and perfecting the initial setup of a technique.

Understanding Uchikomi Drills

Uchikomi drills are a crucial component of judo training. They involve repeats of the first two phases of a technique, with the aim of refining unbalancing and entry:

Unbalancing and Entry Exercises: These drills focus on setting up and achieving the correct position to execute the technique. Rapid Succession: During these drills, the aim is to perform the setup quickly and in succession, enabling the judoka to focus on the critical parts of the technique.

These drills are typically performed in sets, where the judoka repeats the unbalancing and entry part of the technique multiple times. For instance, a set of 10 uchikomi drills might involve 9 repetitions of the setup, with the throw completed on the 10th repetition. This helps in developing the timing and rhythm required for the full technique.

Context and Variations in Uchikomi Drills

While the concept of uchikomi drills is well-established in judo, different clubs and training environments may utilize variations of these drills. Some clubs, especially those without sufficient matting or for beginner levels, might focus on incomplete techniques, known as turning in. This variation involves setting up the first part of the throw, achieving unbalancing and entry, but not completing the throw. This approach is often used to build foundational skills and confidence before moving on to full techniques.

It is critical to understand that not all training partners or coaches may share the same perspective on the importance of completing throws. Some may argue that focusing on incomplete techniques can prevent bad habits and provide a clear focus. However, the majority of seasoned judoka emphasize the significance of completing techniques, as it fosters a deeper understanding of the art and improves overall performance.

Opinions and Practices in Judo Training

Given my 35 years of judo experience, albeit not continuous, I have observed a range of opinions and practices regarding the importance of finishing throws. Old school instructors often advocate for a thorough grasp of the full technique, while newer approaches might emphasize foundational skills through incomplete throws. Each approach has its merits and drawbacks, and the ideal practice often lies in a balanced approach that combines both full and foundational techniques.

Ultimately, the goal of any judoka is to refine their technique and apply it effectively in competition and sparring. Finishing throws is a crucial aspect of achieving this goal and should be a central focus in judo training.