John Wayne’s Adaptation to the Reinvention of the Western Genre in the 1960s

Introduction

John Wayne is one of the most iconic figures in the history of the Western genre. Known for his enduring appeal to audiences and his unmatched presence on screen, Wayne's career spanned several decades, marked by some of the most memorable and commercially successful Western films in cinema history. The 1960s were a pivotal period for the Western genre, with the genre undergoing a significant reinvention that challenged longstanding conventions. This article explores how John Wayne adapted to these changes in the 1960s and continued to make significant contributions to the Western genre until his final film, The Shootist, in 1976.

John Wayne’s Dominance in the 1950s through Early 1970s

Wayne's biggest box office hits were during the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. Unlike many actors who were simply handed their roles and left to perform, Wayne had a level of control and input that was unparalleled in his career. He was involved in directing, producing, casting, choosing scripts, and negotiating with studios. This level of control allowed him to tailor his films to his tastes and ensure that they remained true to his vision.

Selected Films and Their Impact

True Grit (1969) – This John Wayne-penned script marked a milestone in his career and demonstrated his adaptability to new storytelling techniques. Chisum (1970) – Wayne’s portrayal of Billy the Kid’s nemesis, Thomas R. “Jerry” Chisum, showcased his versatility as an actor. Rio Lobo (1970) – With this film, Wayne delved into a more psychological and complex role, marking a shift in his performance style. Sons of Katie Elder (1965) – Despite the initial mixed reviews, this film solidified Wayne’s position as a leading figure in the Western genre, demonstrating resilience and adaptability. The War Wagon (1965) – This film introduced new challenges for Wayne, including rigorous action sequences and a narrative that pushed the boundaries of the Western. McClintock! (1963) – This film showcased Wayne’s comedic side, blending action and humor to appeal to a broader audience. One-Eyed Jacks (1961) – Although not a typical Wayne vehicle, it was groundbreaking for its raw storytelling and less conventional approach to the West. The Alamo (1960) – Wayne produced and starred in one of his signature roles, Gunfighter Johnny, blending immense personal pride with entrepreneurial spirit. Rio Bravo (1959) – This was a pivotal film that demonstrated Wayne’s ability to work within the constraints of studio production while still delivering a memorable performance. The Unforgiven (1960) – Wayne starred in this film as a no-nonsense lawman, showcasing his ability to portray complex characters.

The Evolution of the Western Genre

The Western genre has been subject to continuous reinvention since its inception. From dime novels to modern cinema, the genre has evolved through the works of authors like Zane Grey, Karl May, and Western painters and illustrators. While Westerns remain a fragmented and maverick set of stories, they have been carefully controlled by filmmakers and studios.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite his legendary status, Wayne was not immune to the physical and health challenges of acting in the Western genre. With the onset of lung cancer, which cost him a significant portion of his lung, and the aches and pains associated with his condition, horseback riding became an often miserable and exhausting experience. Moreover, the physical demands of performing the roles of energetic outdoorsmen in their 30s or early 40s in the 1960s, while Wayne was in his 60s, further increased the difficulty. However, these challenges did not deter Wayne's dedication to the genre.

John Wayne’s Persistence and Success

I doubt that John Wayne was ever intimidated by anything. He continued to make John Wayne Westerns until the very end, with The Shootist serving as a powerful and poignant testament to his enduring career. Even in the face of his health challenges, Wayne’s passion and dedication to the Western genre remained unwavering. The Shootist not only marked the end of an era for Wayne but also solidified his legacy as one of the greatest actors and icons of the Western genre.

Conclusion

John Wayne’s contribution to the Western genre during the 1960s was significant and multifaceted. His adaptability, control of his films, and unwavering dedication to the genre allowed him to thrive during a period of reinvention. This period of his career showcased his versatility as an actor, his resilience in the face of health challenges, and his enduring impact on the Western genre. While the Western may have evolved, Wayne’s legacy remains an enduring testament to the enduring appeal and importance of the genre.