How did Gondor Survive Despite the Flaws of its Leader, Denethor?

In J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Gondor's survival as a kingdom is often attributed to the resolute character of its leader, Denethor II. However, it is worth questioning how a man famed more for his paranoia and despair than his competence could lead a kingdom through perilous times. Through a deeper examination of the strengths and factors that sustained Gondor, the survival of the realm becomes a testament to a blend of history, military might, alliances, and the indomitable spirit of its people.

Strong Foundations of Gondor

The strength of Gondor lies in its enduring legacy. Built by its founders and bolstered by competent leaders, the kingdom had a rich history rooted in strength and resilience. Fortified cities, a well-organized military, and a network of alliances played crucial roles in maintaining the kingdom's dominance in Middle-earth. Even with Denethor’s leadership, these foundations provided a buffer that allowed Gondor to endure the trials that lay ahead.

Military Strength of Gondor

Despite Denethor's shortcomings, the military of Gondor remained one of the most formidable forces in Middle-earth. Trained and experienced soldiers defended the realm against various threats, including orc invasions and the forces of Sauron. The resilience of the Gondorian military ensured that the kingdom could weather any storm, no matter how perilous. Key to this strength was the intricate training and discipline instilled in Gondorian soldiers, a tradition that soared above individual incompetence.

Support from Allies

The alliance with Rohan, particularly during the War of the Ring, was a cornerstone of Gondor's survival. The timely aid of the Rohirrim, known as the Riders of Rohan, was instrumental in turning the tide of the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. This alliance not only provided the crucial reinforcement needed to combat Sauron's forces but also symbolized the unity of Middle-earth against a common enemy. The bond between Gondor and Rohan was not just strategic but also deeply personal and honorable.

The Stewardship System

Denethor did not rule as a king, but as the Steward, appointed to rule in the absence of the line of Gondor's kings. Historically, stewards had been filled by capable leaders, and even if Denethor himself fell into despair, his position upheld a tradition of strong governance. Though his mental state deteriorated due to his encounters with the Palantír, the legacy of strong stewardship provided a framework that mitigated the impact of his personal failings.

The Influence of the Ring

Denethor's descent into madness was triggered by his connection to the Palantír, a seeing-stone that allowed him to commune with Sauron. However, this connection was twofold, with the legacy of Gondor also playing a pivotal role in shaping his mind. The Ring of Barahir, the recent recovery of the Sword of Elendil, and the noble heritage of Isildur's line served as a moral compass for Denethor, reminding him of the weight of his duties. These elements, despite their tragic impact, also underscore the enduring spirit of Gondor.

The Resolve of the People

Perhaps the most compelling factor in Gondor's survival was the resilience and courage of its people. The citizens of Gondor were deeply loyal to their homeland and willing to fight for it. This resolve was displayed in countless battles, from the defense of Minas Tirith to the final stand at the Pelennor Fields. The indomitable spirit of Gondorians ensured that the kingdom could continue to fight, even in the darkest of times.

In summary, while Denethor's leadership was marked by paranoia and despair, Gondor's inherent strengths, alliances, and the resilience of its people allowed the kingdom to endure until the events of the War of the Ring unfolded. The story of Gondor, therefore, is a testament to the enduring spirit of a people that refused to give up in the face of overwhelming odds.