Gollum: The Mask of Narcissism in Tolkien’s Middle-earth

Is Gollum a manifestation of narcissistic tendencies? Despite intense scrutiny, scholars and fans alike have debated whether Gollum’s character possesses traits often associated with narcissism. This article delves into the argument that Gollum’s self-obsession, his unique psychological profile, and his actions can indeed be seen through the lens of narcissistic personality traits.

Self-Obsession

In the world of Middle-earth, Gollum is primarily concerned with his own desires and needs. His unrelenting focus on the Ring, a possession he calls 'Precious,' mirrors the narcissist’s constant preoccupation with self-satisfaction. This self-centered behavior is starkly evident in his dialogues and actions throughout The Lord of the Rings. For Gollum, 'Precious' is not just an object; it is an extension of his self-worth. In the absence of the Ring, Gollum is a broken, lost soul, underscored by his self-obsessed drive to hold on to something that gives his existence meaning.

Distorted Self-Image

Gollum’s self-image is fragmented and constantly shifting, oscillating between his original self,

, and his darker persona, Gollum. The struggle within him is a reflection of his inner turmoil, a psychological split encapsulated in his nigh constant diatribe: 'Sméagol… Gollum… Sméagol… Gollum.' This internal conflict reveals a distorted self-image typical of individuals grappling with their own identity. Gollum’s inability to reconcile these two aspects of his personality suggests a fundamental flaw in his sense of self, a characteristic shared by many narcissists.

Manipulative Behavior

Manipulation is another hallmark of Gollum’s behavior. Feigning friendship and affection, Gollum often deceives others to serve his own ends. His deceptive actions are evident in his interactions with Frodo and Sam, where he attempts to deceive them and lead them into peril, disguised as a guide. This deceitfulness aligns with the manipulative tactics often employed by individuals with narcissistic tendencies to achieve their goals and control the narrative around them.

Lack of Empathy

One of the most striking aspects of Gollum is his complete lack of empathy. Unlike his more noble counterparts in The Lord of the Rings, Gollum is brutally self-absorbed, showing no concern for the feelings or well-being of others. This trait, along with his obsession with the Ring, highlights a disregard for the experiences of others, a common characteristic seen in narcissistic personalities. Gollum’s actions, driven by his insatiable desire for the Ring, often result in the suffering of others, mirroring the emotional coldness and callousness associated with narcissism.

Fear of Abandonment

Underlying Gollum’s actions is a profound fear of abandonment. His obsession with the Ring is not just about power, nor even about the Ring itself, but about maintaining his identity and purpose. The Ring serves as a symbol of his existence, and the specter of losing it is akin to the fear of losing oneself. This intense fear reflects a need for validation and an identity that is deeply intertwined with possession, a trait that aligns with pathological narcissism.

While Gollum can be described through various psychological lenses, the argument that his behavior is a manifestation of narcissistic tendencies provides a compelling narrative. Through his self-obsession, distorted self-image, manipulative behavior, lack of empathy, and fear of abandonment, Gollum becomes a complex character whose actions and psyche resonate deeply with the hallmarks of narcissistic personality traits. In the context of The Lord of the Rings, these traits contribute to Gollum’s tragic character arc, highlighting the destructive nature of obsession and the loss of self.