Begin with Snow Crash. Neal Stephenson is known for his intricate plotlines and his ability to merge different elements of technology and society, often intertwined with a deep understanding of scientific and societal trends. His works are a mix of speculative fiction and hard science, providing a rich tapestry of ideas.

Kim Stanley Robinson

Kim Stanley Robinson's The Three Californias and Mars trilogies are essential reads. He is a meticulous world-builder who delves deeply into the future, exploring the political, ecological, and socio-economic changes that could occur on a grand scale. His trilogy Science in the Capital is also a must-read, providing a detailed look into the intersection of science, politics, and culture.

Ursula K. Le Guin

One of Le Guin's most profound works is The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, a powerful and poignant story that challenges readers to confront uncomfortable truths. Her work often reflects a deep understanding of human nature and the potential for societal change. Additionally, The Left Hand of Darkness is a groundbreaking read that explores themes of gender and identity in a way that is still relevant today.

Ray Bradbury

For a truly immersive experience, start with Bradbury's short stories or The Martian Chronicles. His work often explores the hidden depths of human behaviors and the impact of technology on society. Bradbury's style is both poetic and thought-provoking, making his books a joy to read.

Robert Heinlein

Robert Heinlein's Time Enough for Love and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress are both excellent choices. Heinlein's works are known for their exploration of deep philosophical and social issues, often with a strong libertarian lean. While he is polarizing, his works are a valuable read for anyone interested in the future and the human condition.

William Gibson

William Gibson's Neuromancer is a must-read, and it's the starting point for his works. Gibson has a unique ability to create futuristic worlds that feel real and immediate. It's important to read his books in order, as he often writes in trilogies. His writing is a powerful reflection of the digital age and the role of technology in our lives.

Peter Watts

For a challenging and thought-provoking read, the Rifters trilogy by Peter Watts is a must. His writing is known for making readers squirm and think deeply. His works often blend science and speculative fiction in a way that pushes the boundaries of conventional storytelling. Blindsight is also a must-read, and if you enjoy the John Carpenter film The Thing, his short story The Things offers additional insight into his unique style.

Arthur C. Clarke

No discussion of science fiction would be complete without mentioning 2001: A Space Odyssey. Clarke's work is a masterpiece of speculative fiction, blending science, technology, and human destiny. His other works, such as The Songs of Distant Earth, are equally engaging and thought-provoking.

Anne McCaffery

Anne McCaffery's Pern series is light and fluffy, but it's also a joy to read. The series introduces characters and a world that are both engaging and entertaining. Her books are perfect for a leisurely read and provide a delightful escape.

N.K. Jemisin

N.K. Jemisin's Broken Earth trilogy is a masterpiece of modern fantasy that challenges traditional narratives. Her works are dark and powerful, and they explore themes of resilience and the struggle against oppressive forces. The trilogy is a must-read for anyone interested in contemporary fantasy and speculative fiction.

Connie Willis

Connie Willis's time travel books, read in order, offer a fascinating exploration of the genre. Her works are characterized by their unique plot twists and the intricate workings of time travel. Reading her books in the order they were published is essential to fully appreciate their depth and complexity.

Douglas Adams

To lighten the mood, Douglas Adams's Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a hilarious and delightful read. Adams's works are a perfect blend of humor and speculation, making his books a joy to read. However, for serious speculative fiction, you might want to explore his other works.

Gene Wolfe

Dip into Gene Wolfe's Book of the New Sun series to start, and then work your way through the Solar Cycle. Wolfe is a meticulous and profound writer, and his works often explore themes of identity, storytelling, and the nature of reality. The Solar Cycle is a complex and rewarding read, offering deep insights into the human experience.

Roger Zelazny

Among Zelazny's works, Doorways in the Sand and Lord of Light are particularly commendable. Zelazny's shorter works are also worth exploring, as they offer engaging and thought-provoking stories. His writing often explores complex philosophical ideas and the nature of reality, making his works a valuable read for any science fiction lover.

These authors and books represent a small but significant part of the vast and diverse landscape of science fiction. Whether you are seeking escapism, deep philosophical insights, or a combination of both, this list should provide a good starting point for your sci-fi journey.