Did the German SS Use Captured Allied POWs as Concentration Camp Guards?

The usage of captured Allied Prisoners of War (POWs) as concentration camp guards during World War II is a controversial and complex topic. Historical records indicate that in very limited numbers, German SS did utilize POWs, particularly Soviet POWs of Baltic or German ancestry, who later served in the Wehrmacht and as auxiliaries. These auxiliaries often performed guard duties in concentration camps. Additionally, POWs from Axis-aligned countries such as Italy and Romania who switched sides were also offered the opportunity to serve as camp guards.

Why Did the Germans Utilize POWs as Guards?

One of the primary reasons for utilizing POWs as guards was to prevent them from escaping and returning to their own forces. However, there is a distinction between using POWs as guards and employing them in combat roles. While the former aimed to neutralize the threat of escape, the latter was primarily a military strategy to utilize willing fighters from the defeated nations.

Role of Soviet POWs

Soviet POWs particularly of Baltic or German descent played a unique role. Many of these individuals were conscripts who lacked devotion to their own side and were more likely to defect. As such, the Germans capitalized on this by turning them into guards in concentration camps. This decision was driven largely by the dire circumstances of the POWs themselves. Rather than facing death or privation through starvation, some chose to work for the Germans, a decision that ultimately contributed to their own demise within the camp system.

Auschwitz and Other Camps

Specifically regarding the notorious death camp, Auschwitz, historical evidence suggests that the role of guards was predominantly carried out by Ukrainian auxiliary units trained at Trawniki. These men had a deep-seated hatred of Jews and were religiously driven to carry out their duties. On the other hand, for concentration camps such as Dachau, historical records do not conclusively indicate the use of POWs as guards. It is more likely that the camp was managed by exclusively German guards.

Conclusion

While the German SS did employ some POWs as guards, particularly in concentration camps, this practice was limited and strategically motivated to maintain control over these facilities. It is important to recognize the nuanced roles and intentions behind such actions, which were greatly influenced by the environments and experiences of the individuals involved.

The use of POWs in such capacities highlights the ethical complexities of war and the ways in which desperate circumstances can lead to questionable decisions. As we continue to study and remember this history, it is crucial to approach such topics with an understanding of the broader context and the motivations of the individuals and organizations involved.