Can a Gun Fire When Shot Through the Arm or Wrist of a Gunman?

When facing a gunman holding a loaded weapon, the question of whether a shot to the arm or wrist will activate the gun has critical implications for both hostage safety and the incapacitation of the attacker. This article explores the mechanics of trigger activation and provides insights into potential outcomes based on the exact location of the shot.

Understanding Trigger Activation

The mechanics of a firearm's trigger are straightforward. When the trigger is pulled, it moves a spring-loaded piece (the sear) rearward, releasing the hammer (or striker) to strike the primer and ignite the cartridge. The trigger must be pulled with a specific amount of weight, known as the trigger pull weight, which varies among firearms.

When a bullet strikes the arm or wrist of a gunman, the effect on the trigger can vary widely. The probability of the gun firing depends on several factors, including the exact location of the shot, the weight of the trigger, and the gunman's level of training and discipline.

Factors Influencing Trigger Activation Upon Arm or Wrist Shot

Several factors can influence whether a shot to the arm or wrist will cause the gun to fire:

Location of the Shot: If the bullet strikes near the index finger, it may trigger a reflexive contraction of the muscles, potentially pulling the trigger. This is highly improbable but not impossible, depending on the speed of the bullet and the complexity of the nervous system. Weight of the Trigger Pull: Different firearms have different trigger pull weights. A lighter trigger pull might be more prone to accidental discharge if a bullet enters the area just below the trigger. Skin and Muscle Integrity: A shot that penetrates the skin and muscle but doesn't sever all necessary nerves may still allow enough muscle function to pull the trigger. The level of pain and resulting muscle contractions can also factor into this. Trainer Discipline: Highly trained shooters with excellent trigger discipline are less likely to hit the trigger by accident. However, the overwhelming pressure of a life-threatening situation can mitigate this control.

Given these variables, it is nearly impossible to predict with certainty that a gun will not fire if the gunman is struck in the arm or wrist. Any shot that disrupts the nervous system near the trigger area carries a risk of trigger activation.

Techniques for Neutralizing the Attacker

Given the high risk of accidental discharge, experts recommend targeting the attacker where the risk is minimized or where the risk of hitting a hostage is reduced. One common recommendation is to shoot within a two-inch band around the skull, specifically targeting the cerebral cortex. This approach short-circuits the nervous system, rendering the attacker unconscious without risking the gun firing.

However, this technique is highly specialized and not typically seen in Hollywood movies. Using a handgun for such a precise shot is discouraged unless absolutely necessary. Instead, a well-tuned rifle with rounds traveling at over 2000 fps (feet per second) offers a higher success rate with less risk to hostages. Rifle shots are more accurate and can be directed more precisely.

Risks and Considerations

Shooting an attacker in the arm or wrist carries significant risks, including:

Harm to the Hostage: Penetration of the bullet into the hostage's arm or torso can cause severe injury or even death. Failure of the Technique: If the nerves or muscles around the trigger are not disrupted effectively, the gunman may still fire the gun. Accidental Discharge: The force of the bullet entering the arm can sometimes be enough to cause an accidental trigger pull, even if the gunman has good trigger discipline.

These risks highlight the necessity of precision and planning in such high-stakes situations. The most reliable method remains a strategic shot to the head, which can be more challenging than it appears and carries its own set of risks.

In conclusion, while there is no guaranteed method to prevent a gunman from pulling the trigger, the choices of shot placement and the tools used can significantly impact the outcome. Professional guidance and training are essential in such critical scenarios.