Are Merchant Ships Equipped with Armed Security Guards?

Commercial maritime operations, particularly those involving Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) carriers, often face unique security challenges. While some people advocate for the presence of armed security guards on merchant ships, the reality is more nuanced. In this article, we explore the current practices and the pros and cons of having armed security aboard merchant vessels.

Merchant Navy and International Regulations

For many merchant vessels operating on LNG carriers, the ship's crew is not permitted to carry or operate firearms onboard. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other regulatory bodies impose strict guidelines aimed at ensuring the safety and security of the crew and the cargo.

The primary training for the crew focuses on hardening the ship against unauthorized boarding and involving a dedicated security detail for high-risk areas. In the event of an attack, the crew would rely heavily on the ship's high-speed capabilities and large freeboard to evade pirate threats. If a situation escalates, the security detail can use firearms as a last resort.

Security Details and Legal Challenges

Security detachments on merchant ships are typically composed of ex-military personnel, such as ex-British Army veterans. The firearms used by these security teams are usually stored in locked cases on the bridge and are only activated in extreme circumstances. They are not officially supported by all flag states and class societies, resulting in a legal ambiguity.

According to Ex-Crew Member, security companies operating in this space face significant challenges. Hiring foreign nationals with firearms in certain regions, especially in Middle Eastern countries, is highly controversial. Despite these legal and social hurdles, the presence of security details brings a degree of safety that is crucial for maintaining insurance rates and ensuring the smooth operation of these vessels.

Case Study: Successful Engagement of Pirates

A notable example occurred when a security detail consisting of three ex-British Army veterans successfully repelled a pirates' attack. The pirates were armed with AK-47s and RPGs, while the security team used Steyr Mannlicher Scout bolt-action rifles in .308 caliber. This instance highlights the effectiveness of well-trained personnel and appropriate arms, even in challenging scenarios.

The effectiveness of the Steyr Scout rifles in this situation underscores their utility in anti-piracy operations. These firearms are known for their reliability and accuracy, making them a proven solution in low-intensity conflict situations.

The Role of Coastal States in Piracy Control

When all else fails, the most effective solution may be to have a vessel under a flag that actively protects its citizens and economic interests. Coastal states that are keen on safeguarding maritime security can provide invaluable assistance in preventing pirate attacks and ensuring the safety of merchant vessels.

To summarize, while the presence of armed security guards on merchant ships is a mixed bag in terms of effectiveness, legality, and operational challenges, it remains an essential part of maintaining the safety of these crucial maritime operations. The right combination of training, equipment, and support from coastal states can significantly mitigate piracy risks.