Revival of Sanatan Dharma: Adi Shankara’s Impact on Hinduism

During the advent of Buddhism and other philosophical movements in the 3rd century BC, the Sanatan Dharma, later known as Hinduism, was under significant threat. This was a critical time when adharma or unrighteousness was gaining prominence, while true spiritual guidance from scriptures was being misinterpreted or ignored. It was during such a pivotal period that Adi Shankara, an incarnation of God himself, stepped into the scene to reestablish and revitalize the Sanatan Dharma.

Adi Shankara: A Holy Figure for Truth

Adi Shankara was renowned for his profound spiritual journey and his ability to communicate the true essence of ancient texts. Unlike many religious figures who were tied to political or social contexts, Adi Shankara was purely dedicated to the pursuit of spiritual truth. His capability to explain the deeper meanings of scriptures and dissolve misconceptions brought a fresh wave of spirituality to India. His guidance through the Panchakoti (five feet) of knowledge (a metaphor for his vast knowledge) made the ancient texts more accessible and relevant to the masses.

Re-establishing Dharma Through Ksetra

Adi Shankara emphasized on the importance of Dharma or ethics, which he considered the heart of India. He recognized that the revival of Sanatan Dharma was not just about asserting its superiority but also about reaffirming its true essence. He achieved this by traveling across the four cardinal directions and establishing monasteries known as mathas in places like Puri, Dvaraka, Jyotirmath, and Sringeri. These centers of learning became the nucleus around which the revival of Vedic religion was established. Each matha was headed by one of the four chief disciples—Sureya, Hastamalaka, Toaka, and Padmapada—who carried on his teachings.

Philosophical Writings and Advaita Vedanta

Adi Shankara's contributions extended beyond establishing monastic traditions. He was a prolific writer, leaving behind a vast corpus of literature. His works, divided into Bhāyas, Prakaraās, and Stotras, served not only to explain the complex philosophical concepts of Advaita Vedanta but also to inspire and guide the spiritual seekers. His commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gītā, and Brahma Sūtras are still highly regarded in the Vedic tradition.

Critical Period and Advaita Vedanta

The philosophical concept of Advaita, or non-dualism, laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of the ultimate reality of the universe. Adi Shankara explained that beyond the material world lies Brahman, the ultimate reality, which is constant, eternal, and changeless. The illusion of diversity in the world is created by māyā, a cosmic delusion. The path to true realization lies in understanding that one’s true self, Atman, is identical with Brahman. Through the process of sādhana (spiritual practices), one can attain j?āna (knowledge) and transcendent liberation.

Legacy and Resilience

Adi Shankara’s legacy continues to influence Hinduism, both academically and spiritually. His philosophical insights and practical approaches to spirituality have made Advaita Vedanta a cornerstone of Indian philosophy. The monastic tradition he established remains vibrant and serves as a model for monastic life in India. Despite the complexities of his teachings and the myriad deities worshipped in Hinduism, Adi Shankara’s emphasis on the oneness of existence has provided a unifying thread for the diverse Hindu traditions.

Adi Shankara is remembered as a savior of Sanatan Dharma, a philosopher who brought clarity and truth to the ancient texts, and a teacher who transformed the spiritual landscape of India. His contributions continue to inspire millions, reinforcing the timeless wisdom of Advaita Vedanta in the modern world.